空心轴塑性成形技术应用进展及发展趋势  

Advancements and development trends in plastic forming technologies of hollow shafts

作　　者：左锦荣 梅碧舟 张松 徐海洁 束学道[2] 杨晨 张庆东 韦静新 ZUO Jinrong;MEI Bizhou;ZHANG Song;XU Haijie;SHU Xuedao;YANG Chen;ZHANG Qingdong;WEI Jingxin(School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China;Faculty of Mechanical Engineering&Mechanics,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Yiduan Precision Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo 315700,Zhejiang,China;Ningbo Institute of Engineering,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang,China;College of Science and Technology,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315212,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学机械工程学院,天津300354 [2]宁波大学机械工程与力学学院,浙江宁波315211 [3]浙江易锻精密机械有限公司,浙江宁波315700 [4]宁波工程学院,浙江宁波315211 [5]宁波大学科学技术学院,浙江宁波315212

出　　处：《材料工程》2024年第9期82-93,共12页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U23A20629,52205385);浙江省教育厅项目(Y202248852);宁波市重大科技攻关项目(2022Z055)。

摘　　要：空心轴作为工业制造的核心组件之一,其高效、高精度成形对确保产品性能和提升生产效率至关重要。然而,传统自由锻和模锻在成形空心轴时存在材料利用率不高、成形精度不足及生产效率有限等问题,严重制约了空心轴的发展和应用。本文回顾了空心轴制造领域最新研究进展,剖析了当前存在的技术难题,并展望了新兴的成形技术及数字化、智能化技术在空心轴制造中的应用前景。总结了旋锻、挤压铸造、楔横轧和三辊斜轧等技术在提升空心轴制造效率与成形精度方面的应用和优势。旋锻通过旋转和锻造材料,有效提高材料利用率和产品性能;挤压铸造以高压将液态金属挤压入模具成形,实现了空心轴高精度成形和尺寸一致性;楔横轧通过模具带动坯料进行反向回转运动,金属同时发生径向压缩和轴向延伸变形,最终形成所需的阶梯轴类零件,提高了尺寸精度和生产效率;三辊斜轧技术则通过优化加载机制实现了局部加载下轴向高效连续塑性成形。未来,随着制造业向数字化和智能化方向发展,空心轴制造技术有望迎来更大的发展和突破。As a core component in the industrial sector,the efficient and high-precision forming of hollow shafts is crucial for ensuring product performance and improving production efficiency.However,traditional open die forging and closed die forging methods face significant challenges,such as low material utilization,insufficient forming precision,and limited production efficiency.These issues severely restrict the development and application of hollow shafts.This paper reviews the latest research advancements in hollow shaft manufacturing,analyzes the current technical challenges,and explores the prospects of emerging forming technologies as well as the application of digital and intelligent technologies in this field.The paper summarizes the applications and advantages of various technologies,including rotary forging,squeeze casting,wedge cross rolling,and three-roll skew rolling,in enhancing the manufacturing efficiency and forming precision of hollow shafts.Rotary forging,by rotating and forging the material,effectively improves material utilization and product performance.Squeeze casting achieves high precision and consistency by pressing liquid metal into molds under high pressure.Wedge cross rolling drives the billet through the mold for reverse rotation,causing radial compression and axial elongation deformation of the metal,ultimately forming the desired stepped shaft parts,thereby improving dimensional accuracy and production efficiency.Three-roll skew rolling technology optimizes the loading mechanism to achieve efficient and continuous axial plastic forming through localized loading.With the manufacturing industry moving towards digitalization and intelligence,hollow shaft manufacturing technology is expected to achieve significant advancements and breakthroughs in the future.

关 键 词：空心轴 锻造 楔横轧 三辊斜轧 挤压铸造 

分 类 号：TG316[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工] TB331[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]