高油高产大豆精量化播种施肥配套模型的构建  

Construction of Quantitative Sowing and Fertilization Model for High Oil and High Yield Soybean

作　　者：王金生[1] 马力[1] 蒲国锋[1] 王家军[1] 张瑞萍[1] 王君 吴俊江[1] 季妮娜[1] 王冠[1] 孙明明[1] WANG Jinsheng;MA Li;PU Guofeng;WANG Jiajun;ZHANG Ruiping;WANG Jun;WU Junjiang;JI Nina;WANG Guan;SUN Mingming(Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture,Harbin 150086,China;Deqiang Biology Company Limited in Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150060,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所/农业农村部大豆栽培重点实验室/黑龙江省大豆栽培重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省德强生物股份有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150060

出　　处：《大豆科学》2024年第5期608-615,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD04032);黑龙江省重点研发计划(2022ZX02B06)。

摘　　要：为分析大豆播种、施肥方式对大豆产量及油份含量构成的影响,掌握科学化提质、增产技术措施,以高油高产大豆新品种黑农531为材料,分别设置播种密度、施肥深度和施肥量单因素梯度试验,分析单因素指标对产量构成因子与油分含量的影响。采用二次回归正交试验设计,以产量和油分含量为指标建立大豆播种施肥一体化措施的数学模型,并明确最高产量、最高油分含量下的精量化实施措施组合。结果表明:单株荚数和单株粒数随着播种密度的增加均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,以28万株·hm^(-2)为临界值;单株荚数和单株粒数随着施肥深度的增加呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,百粒重随着施肥深度的增加呈现出抛物线状变化;单株荚数、单数粒数及百粒重均随施肥量的增加呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,均以375 kg·hm^(-2)为临界值;大豆油份含量随着播种密度增加、施肥层加深、施肥量提高均呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,各播种密度处理之间的油份含量差异不大,浅施肥和增加施肥量均能显著提高大豆油份含量;得出大豆产量与播种密度(X_(1))、施肥深度(X_(2))、施肥量(X_(3))之间的回归方程为:Y=2714.696+47.445X_(1)+15.768X_(2)+2.967X_(3)-0.4908X_(1)^(1)-1.862X_(2)^(2)-0.00122 X_(3)+0.6809X_(1)×X_(2)-0.0783X_(1)×X_(3)-0.0059X_(2)×X_(3)。大豆油份与播种密度、施肥深度、施肥量之间的回归方程为:Y=14.288+0.410X_(1)+0.083X_(2)+0.0146X_(3)-0.00647X_(2)1-0.0108X_(2)2-0.00000817X_(3)^(2)+0.00486X_(1)×X_(2)-0.000316X_(1)×X_(3)-0.0000691X_(2)×X_(3)。通过该模型预测高油高产大豆最高产量可达到3952.023 kg·hm^(-2),达到最大产量需播种密度为28万株·hm^(-2),种下施肥深度为10 cm,施肥量为225.0805 kg·hm^(-2);最高油份可达到22.79%,达到最大油份含量需播种密度为26万株·hm^(-2),种下施肥深度为8.5 cm,施肥量为354.8578 kg·hm^(-2)。研究结果可为促进高油高产大In order to fully understand the effects of soybean sowing and fertilization methods on soybean yield and oil content,scientific technical measures to improve quality and increase production were mastered,in this study,soybean variety with high oil and high yield,Heinong 531,was used as the material,the single-factor gradient experiments of sowing density,fertilization depth and fertilization amount were set up to analyze the effects of single factor indexes on yield components and oil content.The quadratic regression orthogonal experimental design was used to establish a mathematical model of the integrated measures of soybean sowing and fertilization with yield and oil content as indicators,and the combination of precise implementation measures under the highest yield and highest oil content was clarified.The results showed that pods number per plant and seeds number per plant increased first and then decreased with the increase of seeding density,and the critical value was 280 000 plants·ha^(-1).Pods number per plant and seeds number per plant showed a gradual increase trend with the increase of fertilization depth,the change of 100-seed weight showed a parabolic shape with the increase of fertilization depth.The pods number per plant,the seeds number per plant and the 100-seed weight all showed an increasing trend with the increase of fertilizer application rate,and the critical value was 375 kg·ha^(-1).Soybean oil content increased first and then decreased with the increase of seeding density,the deepening of fertilization layer and the increase of fertilizer amount.There was no significant difference in oil content among different seeding density treatments.Both shallow fertilization and increasing fertilizer amount could significantly increase soybean oil content.The regression equation between soybean yield,seeding density(X_(1)),fertilization depth(X_(2)) and fertilization quantity(X_(3)) was obtained as follows:Y=2 714.696+47.445X_(1)+15.768X_(2)+2.967X_(3)-0.490 8X_(1)^(2)-1.862X_(2)^(2)-0.001 2X_(3)

关 键 词：大豆 播种 施肥 模型 油分含量 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]