万家寨水库运行以来调洪库容变化规律及恢复措施研究  

Study on the Changes of Flood Regulation Storage Capacity and Restoration Measures of Wanjiazhai Reservoir Since Its Operation

作　　者：李昆鹏[1,2] 江恩慧 王金亮[3] 李丽珂 路新川[3] LI Kunpeng;JIANG Enhui;WANG Jinliang;LI Like;LU Xinchuan(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Reservoir-Lake Function Restoring and Maintaining,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Yellow River Wanjiazhai Multiple-Purpose Dam Project Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]河南省湖库功能恢复与维持工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450003 [3]黄河万家寨水利枢纽有限公司,山西太原030001

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第10期62-66,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：水利部水利技术示范项目(SF-202204);黄委优秀青年人才科技项目(HQK-202310)。

摘　　要：为了给万家寨水库调洪库容有效恢复提供科技支撑,系统梳理了万家寨水库入出库水沙变化情况、库区泥沙冲淤演变规律、调洪库容变化规律以及淤损库容恢复措施,结果表明:1)万家寨水库1999—2023年非汛期运行水位为952~980 m,1999—2010年汛期运行水位为950.9~967.2 m、2011—2023年(除2016年外)汛期降低水位运用后最低水位为921.6 m;2)万家寨水库1999—2023年多年平均入库水量约为185.19亿m^(3)、沙量约为0.501亿t,出库水量约为180.70亿m^(3)、沙量约为0.363亿t;3)万家寨水库2010年汛后淤积纵剖面基本达到设计淤积平衡状态;2011年以来水库排沙运用,截至2023年10月总库容淤损2.859亿m^(3)、调洪库容淤损0.191亿m^(3);4)万家寨水库入库长历时大流量过程有利于降低水位敞泄运用排沙,坝前水位低于952.00 m时出库含沙量迅速增加,降至淤积面以下或泄空敞泄时,产生的溯源冲刷有利于提高输沙效率;5)单纯依靠水力减淤已无法有效恢复万家寨水库调洪库容,可采用水力减淤与机械清淤相结合的方式减淤,清淤泥沙输送至主河槽随水流动力排出库区或输送至岸上进行泥沙综合利用。This paper systematically reviewed the inflow and outflow water and sediment,flushing and deposition rule,changes of flood regulation storage capacity and restoration measures of Wanjiazhai Reservoir.The results can provide scientific and technological support for the scientific reduction of sedimentation in the flood control capacity of Wanjiazhai Reservoir.The results show that a)the operating water level of Wanjiazhai Reservoir in non-flood season from 1999 to 2023 ranges from 952 m to 980 m.The operating water level ranges from 950.9 m to 967.2 m in the flood season from 1999 to 2010,and the lowest water level is 921.6 m after the operation of the reduced water level in the flood season from 2011 to 2023(except 2016).b)From 1999 to 2023,the average annual inflow of Wanjiazhai Reservoir is about 18.519 billion m^(3) and the average annual sediment volume is about 50.1 million tons,and the average annual discharge is about 18.070 billion m^(3) and the average annual sediment volume is about 36.3 million tons.c)The longitudinal profile of Wanjiazhai Reservoir after the 2010 flood basically reaches the designed equilibrium state of sedimentation.Since 2011,the reservoir has been used for sediment discharge.As of October 2023,the total storage capacity has lost 285.9 million m^(3) due to sedimentation,and the siltation loss of the flood regulation storage capacity has reached 19.1 million m^(3).d)The long duration and high flow process of the Wanjiazhai Reservoir is beneficial for reducing water level and using open discharge for sediment discharge.When the water level in front of the dam is below 952.00 m,the sediment content in the sediment discharge increases rapidly,and when it drops below the sedimentation surface or when the discharge is open,the upstream erosion generated is beneficial for improving the sediment transport efficiency.It is advisable to implement open discharge and sand discharge during the flood season in normal and dry years,and to maintain it for 5 to 15 days as much as possible.e)Relying

关 键 词：水力减淤 机械清淤 调洪库容 库容恢复 万家寨水库 

分 类 号：TV145.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV882.1