密云水库上游(北京段)流域水生态健康评价  

Evaluation of the Water Ecological Health of the Watershed Upstream of Miyun Reservoir(Beijing Section)

作　　者：朱莎莎[1,2,3] 薛万来 王赛超 李垒 李文忠 刘可暄 范霄寒 吴卿 ZHU Shasha;XUE Wanlai;WANG Saichao;LI Lei;LI Wenzhong;LIU Kexuan;FAN Xiaohan;WU Qing(North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute,Beijing 100048,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Watershed Water Environment and Ecological Technology,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学,河南郑州450046 [2]北京市水科学技术研究院,北京100048 [3]流域水环境与生态技术北京市重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第10期103-108,122,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：北京市科技计划课题(Z221100005222013)。

摘　　要：密云水库是北京市重要饮用水水源地,开展流域水生态健康评价并分析影响水生态健康的关键因素,对于密云水库上游(北京段)流域水生态保护具有重要意义。基于密云水库上游20个小流域生境结构、水质和水生生物数据,结合密云水库上游(北京段)流域生态现状,构建了涵盖生境结构、水质和水生生物的评价指标体系,运用基于熵权法的综合健康指数法对流域水生态健康状况进行综合评价,结果表明:密云水库上游(北京段)流域水生态健康状况总体为亚健康,其中小流域健康、亚健康、一般等级占比分别为10%、65%、25%;密云水库上游(北京段)流域水生态健康状况具有较强的空间异质性,健康等级较高的地区主要分布在白马关河、琉璃河、汤河中游、天河上游,健康等级相对较低的地区主要分布在潮河、白河中下游、汤河下游、清水河、安达木河上游;面源污染、植被覆盖度低、水土流失等是影响密云水库上游(北京段)流域水生态健康的关键因素。As an important drinking water source in Beijing,it is of great significance to carry out watershed aquatic ecological health assessment and analyze the key influencing factors affecting aquatic ecological health for aquatic ecological protection in the watershed upstream of Miyun Reservoir.Based on the habitat,water quality and aquatic organisms data of 20 small watersheds upstream of Miyun Reservoir,and combining with the ecological status of the mountainous watersheds upstream of Miyun Reservoir,we built an evaluation index system covering 10 indexes in 3 categories,namely,habitat structure,water quality and aquatic organisms,and utilized the comprehensive health index method based on the entropy method to comprehensively evaluate the health of the aquatic ecosystems of the watersheds.The results show that:the health status of the water ecosystem in the upper basin of Miyun Reservoir is generally sub-healthy,with 10% of the sub-watersheds in the healthy grade;65% of the sub-watersheds in the sub-healthy grade;and 25% of the sub-watersheds in the general grade.The health status of aquatic ecosystems in the watershed upstream of Miyun Reservoir has strong spatial heterogeneity,the areas with higher health grades mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the Baimaguan River,the Liuli River,the middle reaches of the Tanghe River and the upper reach of the Tianhe River,and those with relatively lower health grades are mainly distributed in the Chaohe River,the middle and lower reaches of the Baihe River,the lower reaches of the Tanghe River,the Qingshui River,and the upper reaches of the Andamu River.Anthropogenic disturbance and surface source pollution,low vegetation cover and soil erosion are the key factors affecting the water ecological health of the upper Miyun Reservoir watershed.

关 键 词：水生态健康 生境结构 水质 水生生物 密云水库上游 

分 类 号：TV211.11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]