从体部指数值探讨中国族群体部特征的共性  

General characteristics of Chinese ethnic groups based on body index value

作　　者：李咏兰[1,2,3] 于会新 宇克莉 张兴华[4] 包金萍[5] 郑连斌[4] LI Yong-lan;YU Hui-xin;YU Ke-li;ZHANG Xing-hua;BAO Jin-ping;ZHENG Lian-bin(College of Life Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China;College of Ethnology and Anthropology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China;Key Laboratory of Biodiversity conservation and Sustainable utilization for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010022,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity,College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387,China;Cllege of Physical Education,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022 [2]内蒙古师范大学民族学人类学学院,呼和浩特010022 [3]内蒙古自治区高等学校生物多样性保护与可持续利用重点实验室,呼和浩特010022 [4]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津市动物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,天津300387 [5]天津师范大学体育学院,天津300387

出　　处：《解剖学报》2024年第5期619-624,共6页Acta Anatomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32071183);内蒙古师范大学基本科研业务类专项资金(2022JBZD014)。

摘　　要：目的探讨中国族群体部特征的共性。方法对中国62个族群的8项体部指数值进行分析。结果聚类分析发现,男性52个族群、女性59个族群聚入了北方族群为主的混合组及南方族群为主的混合组。8个汉族族群分别聚入各个组中,没有聚合出汉族组。体部指数的分型结果表明,长躯干型、中胸型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型和中腿型是中国男性族群主要的体部类型。中躯干型、宽胸型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型和中腿型是中国女性族群主要的体部类型。这表现出中国各族群体部特征具有明显的一致性。中国族群体部特征的一致性与其族源相近有关,汉族在中国各个族群交流融合过程中起了重要作用。在汉族的历史上,出现过多次大规模的人口迁徙。北方少数民族南下融入北方汉族,北方汉族南下促进了南方汉族的形成,使得南方汉族与北方汉族体部特征具有相似性,也促进了南方少数民族融入南方汉族。此外,迁入少数民族地区的汉族也逐渐融入少数民族中。结论中国各族群体部特征存在明显的共性。Objective To explore the common features of Chinese ethnic groups.Methods Eight body indexes of 62 ethnic groups in China were analyzed.Results The cluster analysis showed that 52 males and 59 females ethnic groups were grouped into the mixed group dominated by the northern ethnic group and the mixed group dominated by the southern ethnic group.Eight Han ethnic groups were grouped into each group,but no Han group was aggregated.The result of body index classification showed that the main body types of Chinese male population were long trunk,middle chest,wide shoulder,wide pelvis and middle leg.Middle body,wide chest,wide shoulder,wide pelvis and middle leg were the main body types of Chinese female population.This showed that the characteristics of Chinese ethnic groups had obvious consistency.The consistency of Chinese group features was related to its close origin.It should be said that Han nationality played an important role in the process of communication and integration of various ethnic groups in China.In the history of the Han nationality,there had been many large-scale population migration.The southern movement of the northern ethnic minorities into the northern Han and the southward movement of the northern Han into the south promoted the formation of the Southern Han,which made the southern Han and the northern Han had similar body features,and also promoted the southern ethnic minorities into the southern Han.In addition,the Han nationality who moved into minority areas also gradually integrated into minority areas.Conclusion There are obvious commonalities in Chinese ethnic groups.

关 键 词：体质特征 南方族群 北方族群 体部指数 活体测量 人 

分 类 号：Q984[生物学—人类学]