增材制造高温合金残余应力精确表征和调控  

Accurate characterization and regulation of residual stress in additive manufacturing superalloys

作　　者：杨帆 李相伟 张瑞尧 张友昭 张涛[1] Sanjooram PADDEA 张书彦 YANG Fan;LI Xiangwei;ZHANG Ruiyao;ZHANG Youzhao;ZHANG Tao;Sanjooram PADDEA;ZHANG Shuyan(College of Physics and Materials Science,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 511442,China;Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials,Dongguan 523808,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学物理与材料科学学院,广州511442 [2]东莞材料基因高等理工研究院,东莞523808

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2024年第9期2989-3001,共13页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFB3702500);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2020B0301030001,2020A1515110680)。

摘　　要：以激光选区熔化(SLM)增材制造高温合金为研究对象,采用X射线衍射与轮廓法精确表征打印态、喷丸态和热处理态高温合金样品的表面与内部残余应力分布与水平,对比了不同后处理对残余应力分布的影响行为。结果表明:打印态样品表面为拉应力,内部为压应力;拉应力层深度约为2 mm,而且平行增材制造方向上拉应力(1558 MPa)显著高于垂直方向的拉应力(830 MPa)。喷丸处理后样品表面形成塑性形变,样品表面拉应力变为压应力(-769 MPa);轮廓法结果发现,压应力深度为0.6 mm,在1 mm深度次表面依然存在较高拉应力,内部压应力降低。热处理后打印态样品表面和内部残余应力几乎完全消除,并在表面形成约150 MPa的压应力。Using selective laser melting(SLM)additive manufacturing of high-temperature alloys,this study employed precise characterization using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and the contour method to analyze the surface and internal residual stress distribution in as-built,shot-peened,and heat-treated high-temperature alloy samples.The results indicate that the surface of as-built samples exhibits the tensile stress,transitioning to internal compressive stress,with depth of approximately 2 mm.Notably,the tensile stress along the parallel additive manufacturing direction(1558 MPa)is significantly higher than the vertical direction(830 MPa).Shot peening induces plastic deformation,transforming surface tensile stress into compressive stress(-769 MPa).The contour method reveals a compressive stress depth of 0.6 mm,with elevated tensile stress at 1 mm depth,while the internal compressive stress decreases.After heat treatment,both surface and internal residual stresses are nearly eliminated,forming a surface compressive stress of approximately 150 MPa.

关 键 词：激光选区熔化 镍基高温合金 残余应力表征 喷丸处理 热处理 轮廓法 

分 类 号：TG665[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]