采用Cyanex 301从废旧三元锂电浸出液中萃取分离镍和钴  

Extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt from spent ternary lithium batteries leachate using Cyanex 301

作　　者：王占昊 丁威[1,2] 包申旭 杨思原[1,2] 侯晓川 许开华 WANG Zhanhao;DING Wei;BAO Shenxu;YANG Siyuan;HOU Xiaochuan;XU Kaihua(Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Shaoxing Institute for Advanced Research,Wuhan University of Technology,Shaoxing 312000;Zhejiang New Era Zhongneng Recycling Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shaoxing 312000,China;GEM Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学关键非金属矿产资源绿色利用教育部重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070 [3]绍兴市上虞区武汉理工大学高等研究院,绍兴312000 [4]浙江新时代中能循环科技有限公司,绍兴312000 [5]格林美股份有限公司,深圳518000

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2024年第9期3103-3113,共11页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2022C03061);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074204)。

摘　　要：近年来全球电动汽车销量激增,废旧锂电池的回收愈发迫在眉睫。本文以废旧三元锂电池正极材料的硫酸浸出液为研究对象,采用Cyanex 301选择性分离回收其中的Ni(Ⅱ)和Co(Ⅱ);分别考察了初始pH、萃取相比、萃取时间等因素对各金属萃取率的影响,以及反萃剂HCl浓度、反萃时间、反萃温度等因素对金属反萃率的影响。结果表明:在初始pH=2.0、相比(O/A)为2∶1、Cyanex 301体积分数20%、时间30 min的萃取条件下,经两级逆流萃取,Ni(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)萃取率分别达97.32%和99.45%。萃取完成后,在最优条件下,通过25℃三级逆流反萃Co(Ⅱ)、80℃两级逆流反萃Ni(Ⅱ),反萃率分别达99.23%和99.08%。最后通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱初步证明Cyanex 301萃取Ni(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)的过程为金属离子与S—H键中的H+发生阳离子交换,且与P=S键形成配位键的过程。In recent years,the global sales of electric vehicles have surged,and the recycling of spent lithium batteries has become increasingly urgent.In this paper,the research focuses on the sulfuric acid leaching solution of spent ternary lithium battery cathode material.The Ni(Ⅱ)and Co(Ⅱ)were selectively separated and recovered by Cyanex 301.The study investigated the impact of initial pH,extraction phase ratio,and extraction time on the extraction rate of each metal.It also examined the effects of HCl concentration,stripping time,and stripping temperature on the stripping rate of the metal.The results show that the initial pH is 2.0,the phase ratio(O/A)is 2∶1,the volume fraction of Cyanex 301 is 20%,the extraction time is 30 min,and the extraction rates of Ni(Ⅱ)and Co(Ⅱ)are 97.32%and 99.45%,respectively,through a two-stage countercurrent extraction process.After the extraction is completed,Co(Ⅱ)is stripped at 25℃through a three-stage countercurrent process,while Ni(Ⅱ)is stripped at 80℃using a two-stage countercurrent process.Under optimal conditions,the stripping rates reach 99.23%and 99.08%,respectively.Finally,FT-IR and 1H NMR analyses have preliminarily proven that the extraction process of Ni(Ⅱ)and Co(Ⅱ)involves a cation exchange between the metal ions and the H+in the S—H bond,along with the formation of a coordination bond with the P=S bond.

关 键 词：废旧三元锂电池 溶剂萃取 Cyanex 301 镍 钴 

分 类 号：TF804.2[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]