乙炔氢氯化无汞催化剂研究进展  

Advances of Mercury-Free Catalysis for Acetylene Hydrochlorination

作　　者：王明明 范宇睿 黄文君[1] 徐浩淼[1] 瞿赞[1] 晏乃强[1] WANG Mingming;FAN Yurui;HUANG Wenjun;XU Haomiao;QU Zan;YAN Naiqiang(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2024年第9期796-806,772,共12页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52070129)。

摘　　要：聚氯乙烯(PVC)是全球产量第三大的聚合物,而乙烯基氯化物是PVC的基本构建单元,催化乙炔氢氯化反应已被广泛应用于乙烯基氯化物的生产。高稳定性无汞催化剂(例如Au基催化剂)的研发对于实现乙炔氢氯化行业的绿色可持续具有重要的工业意义。用p-区(N)杂原子掺杂的贵金属单原子催化剂替代基于汞的催化剂已成为主流做法,在过去的几年中吸引了广泛的研究。N元素的掺杂可以解决催化剂失活和原子利用率低的根本问题,从而形成稳定的超细金属纳米颗粒甚至单原子催化剂,使该催化剂在乙炔氢氯化反应中表现出优异的催化性能。在此基础上,基于最新的理论和实验研究进展,全面回顾N元素调控的乙炔氢氯化催化剂的性质、性能和机制。讨论了催化剂结构与催化活性和稳定性的关系,总结出N掺杂单原子催化剂性能描述符,以强调设计催化剂的关键因素。最后,展望N元素调控催化剂的发展趋势。对性能提升机制和结构-性能关系的深入了解可以为定向合成材料提供参考,从而促进乙炔氢氯化无汞催化剂的实际应用。Polyvinyl chloride(PVC),the third most produced polymer globally,is fundamentally constructed from vinyl chloride,which is primarily synthesized via the catalytic hydrochlorination of acetylene.The development of highly stable mercury-free catalysts,such as Au-based catalysts,is of critical industrial significance for advancing green and sustainable practices within the acetylene hydrochlorination industry.The shift from mercury-based catalysts to noble metal single-atom catalysts doped with p-block(N)heteroatoms has emerged as a leading approach,attracting significant research attention in recent years.Nitrogen(N)doping effectively addresses the core challenges of catalyst deactivation and low atomic utilization efficiency,facilitating the formation of stable ultra-fine metal nanoparticles and even single-atom catalysts,which demonstrate exceptional catalytic performance in acetylene hydrochlorination.Building on this foundation,the latest theoretical and experimental research progress is comprehensively reviewed,with a focus on the properties,performance,and mechanisms of N-regulated acetylene hydrochlorination catalysts.The interplay between catalyst structure,catalytic activity,and stability is examined,and performance descriptors for N-doped single-atom catalysts are summarized to underscore the critical factors in catalyst design.Finally,the future development trends of N-regulated catalysts are explored.A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying performance enhancement and the structure-performance relationship can provide valuable insights for the targeted synthesis of materials,thereby facilitating the practical application of mercury-free catalysts in acetylene hydrochlorination.

关 键 词：乙炔氢氯化 单原子催化 杂原子掺杂 结构-性能关系 性能描述符 

分 类 号：TQ426[化学工程] TQ222.423