核聚变装置偏滤器靶板材料选择与研究进展  

Material Selection and Research Progress of Divertor Target Plate in Nuclear Fusion Device

作　　者：吴玉程[1,2,3] 盛学洋 马冰 王珊[2,4] 张一帆 刘家琴[2,3,4] WU Yucheng;SHENG Xueyang;MA Bing;WANG Shan;ZHANG Yifan;LIU Jiaqin(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;International Cooperation Base for Advanced Energy Materials and Environment,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;Anhui Advanced Composite Materials Design and Application Engineering Research Center,Institute of Industry&Equipment Technology,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽合肥230009 [2]合肥工业大学,有色金属材料与加工技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,安徽合肥230009 [3]合肥工业大学,先进能源材料与环境国际科技合作基地,安徽合肥230009 [4]合肥工业大学,工业与装备研究院,安徽省先进复合材料设计与应用工程研究中心,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2024年第9期807-823,共17页Materials China

基　　金：国家重大研发计划磁约束核聚变重大专项(2022YFE03140000,2022YFE03140004,2019YFE03120002);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)交流与合作重点项目(52020105014);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(51474083,51672065);国家“清洁能源新材料与技术”学科创新引智基地项目(B18018)。

摘　　要：可控热核聚变能是人类最理想的清洁能源之一,是解决人类能源和环境问题的根本途径。目前,可控热核聚变能的发展面临诸多挑战,偏滤器靶板作为磁约束核聚变装置中的重要部件,其设计和制造是维持等离子体放电、实现核聚变反应堆稳定运行亟需解决的关键问题之一。作为等离子体轰击最严重区域,偏滤器靶板经受着高能粒子流辐照和高热负荷冲击(10 MW·m^(-2)稳态负荷和20 MW·m^(-2)瞬态负荷),同时承担着磁约束聚变装置最主要的排热功能。因此,研发具有优异性能的靶板材料是推动核聚变能发展的关键一步。目前,金属铍、碳基材料以及钨基材料是主要的3种偏滤器靶板候选材料。基于国内外现有研究成果,论述了偏滤器靶板材料的选择与研究进展,对比分析了3种候选材料的优势以及存在的问题,以期为偏滤器靶板材料的选择、研发提供借鉴。As a safe and sustainable clean energy,controllable thermonuclear fusion energy is an ideal energy to meet the needs of human beings in the future.At present,the engineering and commercial application of nuclear fusion energy still faces many technical problems.Among them,the design and manufacture of the divertor target plate,an important component in the nuclear fusion device,is one of the key problems that need to be solved urgently to realize the stable operation of the nuclear fusion reactor.The divertor target plate is the most intense area of plasma bombardment.It is subjected to huge particle irradiation with high flux and high thermal load impact.Besides,the divertor undertakes the main heat removal function of the tokamak device,with extremely harsh service environment.Therefore,the research and development of divertor target materials with excellent performance is a key step to promote nuclear fusion research to practicality.At present,metal beryllium,carbon-based materials and tungsten-based materials are the main three divertor target materials.This paper discusses the selection and research progress of these materials,comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various materials used in the divertor target plate as well as the existing technical problems.The aim is to provide a reference for promoting the design and manufacture of the divertor target plate.

关 键 词：核聚变能 金属铍 碳基材料 钨基材料 偏滤器靶板材料 

分 类 号：TG146[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TL631.24[金属学及工艺—金属材料]