黑龙江省荒野格局分析  

Analysis of Wilderness Patterns in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：刘伊卓 董思纯 孔维莹 胡远东[1] LIU Yizhuo;DONG Sichun;KONG Weiying;HU Yuandong(College of Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第10期82-89,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：黑龙江自然科学基金“黑龙江城市植被多样性格局及成因论研究”(编号LH2023E007)。

摘　　要：【目的】荒野具有重要的生态功能和保护价值。黑龙江省作为中国北方重要的生态安全屏障,定量和可视化分析其荒野空间分布特征不仅可以综合反映人类对自然的干扰程度,判断自然保护区范围划定的合理性,也有助于当地荒野保护策略的制定。【方法】以黑龙江荒野为研究对象,结合经典荒野制图方法,选取距聚居点的遥远度、距可达道路的遥远度、人口分布密度和生物物理自然度4项指标绘制荒野质量指数图谱,并分析黑龙江省荒野空间分布格局及驱动因素。【结果】1)黑龙江省荒野空间格局呈现轴带式分布,即“西南东南低,中间轴带高”;低质量等级以上的荒野占研究区总面积的79.8%,较高质量等级以上荒野占比53.52%,荒野储量大。2)荒野质量越高,景观破碎度越低。3)研究区域内58.27%的高质量荒野未被纳入自然保护区,现有自然保护区划定范围未对全省荒野形成完全覆盖。4)经济发展及气候舒适度是荒野景观格局形成的重要驱动因素。【结论】黑龙江省荒野资源储量丰富,整体质量较高且高质量荒野分布集中,但当前未对荒野资源进行完整有效的保护;经济及气候是影响荒野空间分布格局的重要驱动因素。扩大荒野空间保护范围,构建荒野空间保护体系,加大高质量荒野保护力度,平衡好经济发展与生态保护的关系,有助于实现黑龙江省荒野的有效保护。[Objective]Wilderness has important ecological functions and conservation values,and in the face of the current global climate change and the severe situation of rapid decline of biodiversity,the construction of wilderness protection system plays a key role in maintaining the integrity and authenticity of ecosystems,sustaining biodiversity,and enhancing human well-being.The quantitative and visual analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of wilderness in Heilongjiang Province,an important ecological security barrier in the northern part of China,can not only comprehensively reflect the degree of human interference with nature,but also determine the reasonableness of the delineation of the scope of nature reserve,while contributing to the formulation of local wilderness protection strategy.[Methods]Taking wilderness in Heilongjiang as the research object,this research selects the four indicators of remoteness from settlements,remoteness from accessible roads,population distribution density and biophysical naturalness to prepare the wilderness quality index map by the classical wilderness mapping method,Normalization is carried out using ArcGIS,and hierarchical analysis method(AHP)is applied to calculate the weights of the above four wilderness evaluation indicators with the four indicators being superimposed.Through the natural breakpoint method,the 10 grades of wilderness in Heilongjiang Province are classified into the following 5 categories:Other land(grade 1−2),low-quality wilderness(grade 3−4),medium-quality wilderness(grade 5−6),wilderness with relatively high quality(grade 7−8),and high-quality wilderness(grade 9−10).Additionally,The spatial distribution pattern of the wilderness land in Heilongjiang Province and the driving factors thereof are mapped and analyzed.[Results]1)The spatial pattern of wilderness in Heilongjiang Province shows an axial distribution,which is overall“low in the southwestern and southeastern areas,and high in the central axis belt area”.High-quality wilder

关 键 词：自然保护地 荒野地 空间格局 识别与保护 荒野质量 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]