北京奥林匹克公园中心区广场下垫面热环境特征及材质优化研究  

Thermal Characteristics and Material Optimization of the Underlying Surface in the Central Plaza of Beijing Olympic Park

作　　者：汪家辉 胡玉恬 李丹宁 刘东云[1] WANG Jiahui;HU Yutian;LI Danning;LIU Dongyun(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;Beijing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]北京林业大学

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第10期90-97,共8页Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：【目的】城市中大面积且连续的硬质下垫面是近地表热环境恶化的重要原因之一,下垫面反照率的增加通常能使地表环境变得凉爽。通过研究下垫面热环境特征与环境温度的关系,可以为缓解城市地表升温提供理论依据。【方法】以北京奥林匹克公园中心区广场为例,实测6种典型下垫面(沥青、透水混凝土、砖、花岗岩、砾石、草地)的地表温度,对下垫面热环境特征及温度区间进行相关性研究,并结合ENVI-met数值模拟法探究整体反照率对热环境的具体影响。【结果】硬质下垫面在四季均能加热空气,在相同环境条件下,所有参与研究的硬质下垫面中沥青最热,花岗岩最凉爽;在不同下垫面类型中,颜色深浅对表面温度的影响高于材料类型与表面粗糙程度差异的影响;在单日内不同的测试时间段,日温度均值较低的深色下垫面在某一时刻的瞬时温度可能会高于日温度均值较高的浅色下垫面;在一定区间内增加场地整体反照率可有效降温,场地温度降幅随反照率上升呈先升后降的单峰趋势,且研究区域内整体反照率约为0.56时热环境改善效益最佳。【结论】提出硬质下垫面材料选择及设置建议,为北京公共空间硬质下垫面设计提供参考和依据。[Objective]The large,continuous and hard urban underlying surface is an important cause of the deterioration of the near-surface thermal environment,and an increase in albedo can usually coolit.With global warming and rapid urbanization,urban heat island(UHI)has significantly impacted urban living comfort,air quality,and energy consumption.Mitigating urban high temperature and optimizing the urban thermal environment have become core issues in building low-carbon,green,and sustainable cities.Existing research indicates that the differences in thermal properties between hard underlying surfaces may affect the urban near-surface energy balance,significantly impacting surface temperature(ST).In recent years,scholars at home and abroad have conducted multi-indicator research on the thermal environment of different hard underlying surfaces,with a view to exploring their thermal environment effects,temperature,humidity and microclimate change characteristics,as well as thermal comfort in specific activity spaces.However,such research seldom combines actual measurements with numerical simulations for thermal environment optimization.This research aims to investigate the thermal environment characteristics and temperature interval ranges of six typical underlying surfaces in the central plaza of Beijing Olympic Park through actual measurements and numerical simulations using the ENVI-met model.The research also explores the specific impact of overall albedo changes on the thermal environment,and provides suggestions for the material selection and configuration of hard underlying surfaces in public spaces in Beijing.[Methods]In the central plaza of Beijing Olympic Park,the surface temperature of six typical underlying surfaces(asphalt,concrete,brick,granite,gravel,and grass)is measured to analyze the thermal environment characteristics and temperature interval range.The research also adopts the ENVI-met numerical simulation method to explore the specific impact of numerical changes in the overall albedo on the thermal env

关 键 词：热岛效应 地表温度 城市下垫面 热环境 反照率 降温强度 ENVI-met 

分 类 号：TU985[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]