多元文化交错区传统民居室内热环境对比研究——以乌兰察布地区为例  

A Comparative Study on Indoor Thermal Environment of Traditional Dwellings in Multi-cultural Interleaving Area:A case study of Ulanqab Area

作　　者：齐卓彦[1] 肖翔 高旭[1] QI Zhuoyan;XIAO Xiang;GAO Xu(School of Architecture,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学建筑学院,呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《建筑节能（中英文）》2024年第9期85-93,106,共10页Building Energy Efficiency

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52168008基于文化地理学的内蒙古传统民居演化机制研究),内蒙古绿色建筑工程技术研究中心,绿色建筑自治区高等学校重点实验室)。

摘　　要：乌兰察布在历史上为内蒙古地区晋、冀移民圈的交汇处,农耕与游牧文化的交融,以及不同移民源地间文化的碰撞,使该地域传统民居在文化传播中因人地关系的复杂性呈现出四种典型类型。但伴随时代的发展,新建民居出现文化断层与冬季室内热舒适性亟待提高的双重困境。在归纳四类传统民居形制特征和尺寸取值的前提下,提炼出影响室内热环境的4个建筑要素,结合Ladybug+Honeybee软件,对比研究民居间主要活动空间冬季室内热环境的差异及原因。研究结果表明:大面积开窗可以有效利用太阳辐射提升室内温度,但保温性能差,而小面积开窗保温性能更好,但太阳辐射利用率较低;单坡屋顶比双坡屋顶单位面积照射到的太阳辐射更多,虽然其保温性能差,但对室内热环境质量的提升更有利;一进两开和里外间平面相比于单间和通间平面,卧室与入户门之间形成“温度缓冲区”可以有效减少门处的热量损失;小的空间尺度可以有效减少建筑的热量损失。基于以上结论提出四类民居在承续建筑文化基因的同时改善室内热环境的策略,为文化传承下的乌兰察布传统民居可持续发展提供一定的参考和借鉴。Historically,Ulanqab is the intersection of migration circles in Inner Mongolia from Shanxi and Hebei.The integration of farming and nomadic culture,as well as the cultural collision between different immigrant sources,made the traditional dwellings in this region present four types due to the complexity of the relationship between people and land in the cultural transmission.However,with the development of the times,new residential buildings appear the dual dilemma of cultural fault and indoor thermal comfort in winter.On the premise of summarizing the shape,structure and size of four types of traditional residential buildings,this paper extracts four architectural elements that affect the indoor thermal environment,and combines with Ladybug+Honeybee software to make a comparative study on the differences and causes of indoor thermal environment of the main activity space between residential buildings in winter.The results show that large area window opening can effectively use solar radiation to improve indoor temperature,but the thermal insulation performance is poor,while small area window opening has better thermal insulation performance,but the solar radiation utilization rate is low.Single-pitch roof has more solar radiation per unit area than double-pitch roof.Although its thermal insulation performance is poor,it is more beneficial to the improvement of indoor thermal environment quality.Compared with the single-room and single-room planes,the“temperature buffer zone”between the bedroom and the entrance door can effectively reduce the heat loss at the door;The small space scale can effectively reduce the heat loss of the building.Based on the above conclusions,this paper expounds four types of residential buildings to improve the indoor thermal environment while maintaining the architectural culture gene.The research can provide certain reference for the sustainable development of Ulanqab traditional houses under the cultural inheritance.

关 键 词：乌兰察布 传统民居 移民文化 冬季热环境 仿真模拟 对比研究 

分 类 号：TU831.1[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程] TU241.5