空调用孔板式集管分配器分流特性及结构优化  

Distribution characteristics and structure optimization of orifice-plate-type header distribut of heat exchangers in air conditioners

作　　者：郭文华 胡凯恒 赵日晶 黄东[1] Guo Wenhua;Hu Kaiheng;Zhao Rijing;Huang Dong(Department of Refrigeration&Cryogenic Engineering,Xian Jiaotong University,Xian 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学制冷与低温工程系,西安710049

出　　处：《低温与超导》2024年第8期1-10,45,共11页Cryogenics and Superconductivity

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51876154)资助。

摘　　要：针对空调换热器中集管型分配器的流量分配不均问题,提出了新型孔板式集管分配器。通过在传统竖直集管分配器基础上嵌入孔板结构,促进气液相混合并调控动量,从而提高分流均匀性。新型分配器需明确孔板对两相制冷剂分流特性的影响,数值模拟研究了内嵌入口孔板和中置孔板时竖直集管内气液流动分配,发现入口孔板有混合和加速作用,中置孔板有挡液和加速作用。据此优化设计两种分配器结构,且通过实验测试其分流性能。结果表明入口孔板和中置孔板式分配器都实现了分流均匀性提升,其分流不均匀度较传统分配器分别平均降低19.3%和34.5%。To solve the problem of flow maldistribution in the header-type distributor of heat exchangers in air conditioners,the novel orifice-plate-type header distributor was proposed in this study.By embedding the orifice plate structure in the traditional vertical header distributor,the gas-liquid phase mixing was promoted and the momentum was regulated,thereby improving the distribution uniformity.It is necessary to clarify the influence of the orifice plate on the two-phase distribution characteristics.Refrigerant flow distribution in vertical header embedded with inlet and middle orifice plates was numerically studied,which reveals that the inlet orifice plate has the mixing and accelerating effect,and the middle orifice plate has a liquid-blocking and accelerating effect.Accordingly,two distributor structures were optimized,and their distribution performance was experimentally tested.Results show that the inlet-orifice-plate and middle-orifice-plate header distributor improve the distribution uniformity,and the unevenness is reduced by 19.3% and 34.5% on average compared with the traditional distributor.

关 键 词：空调 分配器 孔板 分流 结构优化 

分 类 号：TB657.2[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB657.5