废石化催化剂微波-超声波协同浸出工艺及动力学研究  

Process and Kinetics of Microwave-Ultrasonic Assisted Leaching of Spent Petrochemical Catalyst

作　　者：马致远 王东兴 饶帅 曹洪杨 刘志强 MA Zhiyuan;WANG Dongxing;RAO Shuai;CAO Hongyang;LIU Zhiqiang(Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;State Key Laboratory of Separation and Comprehensive Utilization of Rare Metals,Guangzhou 510650,China;Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Development and Application,Guangzhou 510650,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所,广东广州510650 [2]稀有金属分离与综合利用国家重点实验室,广东广州510650 [3]广东省稀土开发及应用研究重点实验室,广东广州510650

出　　处：《湿法冶金》2024年第5期531-537,共7页Hydrometallurgy of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52304365,52104395);广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2023A1515011847);广东省科学院发展专项资金资助项目(2020GDASYL-20200504001-005,2022GDASZH-2022010104,2023GDASZH-2023010104)。

摘　　要：研究了采用微波-超声波协同氢氧化钠浸出废石化催化剂中的钒和钼,考察了各因素对浸出率的影响,并分析了浸出过程的动力学。结果表明:在无机械搅拌、固液质量体积比0.20 g/1 mL、浸出温度90℃、氢氧化钠浓度2.0 mol/L、微波功率600 W、超声波功率300 W、浸出时间30 min条件下,废催化剂中V、Mo浸出率分别达95.66%、96.28%;微波-超声波协同浸出的表观活化能为18.80 kJ/mol,较常压浸出大幅降低,这与微波选择性加热特性和超声波的空化作用产生高温高压使得化学键断裂有关。The microwave-ultrasonic assisted leaching of V and Mo in spent petrochemical catalyst with sodium hydroxide was studied.The effects of various factors on the leaching were investigated.The kinetics of the leaching process was analyzed.The results show that under the conditions of no mechanical agitation,solid mass to liquid volume ratio of 0.20 g/1 mL,leaching temperature of 90℃,sodium hydroxide concentration of 2.0 mol/L,microwave power of 600 W,ultrasonic power of 300 W,and leaching time of 30 min,the leaching rates of V and Mo in the waste catalyst can reach 95.66%and 96.28%,respectively.The apparent activation energy of microwave-ultrasonic assisted leaching is 18.80 kJ/mol,which is significantly lower than that of atmospheric leaching.This is related to the fracture of chemical bonds caused by the high temperature and high pressure,which is achieved by the selective heating characteristics of microwave and the cavitation of ultrasonic.

关 键 词：废石化催化剂 微波 超声波 协同浸出 钒 钼 动力学 

分 类 号：TF841[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF803.21