双季铵盐表面活性剂制备的教学实验设计  

Teaching Experiment Design of Preparation of Bis-quaternary Ammonium Surfactant

作　　者：赵秋伶 史雅静[1] 王新 韩福 ZHAO Qiu-ling;SHI Ya-jing;WANG Xin;HAN Fu(College of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering,Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology,Liaoning Benxi 117004,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁科技学院生物医药与化学工程学院,辽宁本溪117004

出　　处：《广州化工》2024年第18期174-177,共4页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

基　　金：辽宁省一流本科课程项目(No:20223495);辽宁科技学院本科教学改革研究项目(No:202101042)。

摘　　要：将由环氧氯丙烷制备双季铵盐表面活性剂的反应设计为适合本科生实验教学的基础实验。实验包括制备、纯化和检测三个步骤。以N,N-二甲基十二烷胺、浓盐酸和环氧氯丙烷为原料,在正丙醇溶剂中回流反应4 h制备双季铵盐表面活性剂。溶剂通过减压蒸馏去除,粗产物在丙酮中通过结晶的方法纯化,得到的双季铵盐产物通过测熔点的方法验证纯度。对实验条件进行了优化。该实验设计具备重复性、科学性和可行性。实验内容具有综合性、简易性和新颖性的特点,对培养学生的动手能力、实践能力、综合能力及创新思维很有帮助。The preparation of bis-quaternary ammonium surfactant from epichlorohydrin was designed as a basic experiment suitable for undergraduate experimental teaching.This experiment includes three steps:preparation,purification and detection.Bis-quaternary ammonium surfactants were prepared from N,N-dimethyldodecylamine,concentrated hydrochloric acid and epichlorohydrin by refluxing in n-propanol for 4 h.The solvent was removed by vacuum distillation,and the crude product was purified by crystallization in acetone.The purity of the product was verified by measuring the melting point.The experimental conditions were optimized.This experimental design is repeatable,scientific and feasible.The experimental content has the characteristics of comprehensiveness,simplicity and novelty,which is very helpful in cultivating students hands-on ability,practical ability,comprehensive ability and innovative thinking.

关 键 词：N N-二甲基十二烷胺 环氧氯丙烷 双季铵盐表面活性剂 合成 教学实验设计 

分 类 号：G642.423[文化科学—高等教育学]