基于峭度曲面极大值的电机轴承保持架故障诊断方法  

A Motor Bearing Cage Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Local Maximum of Kurtosis Surface

作　　者：刘一龙 李心远 陈银萍 成玮[1] 陈雪峰[1] LIU Yilong;LI Xinyuan;CHEN Yinping;CHENG Wei;CHEN Xuefeng(National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Equipment Operation Safety and Intelligent Monitoring,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049;China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100840)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学装备运行安全保障与智能监控国家地方联合工程研究中心,西安710049 [2]中国核电工程公司,北京100840

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第15期89-99,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFB1705403)。

摘　　要：轴承保持架是电机的故障易发部件,在其转动过程中由于受力小、故障部位激发的冲击弱,通常只有在保持架的兜孔转角处的裂纹非常明显或者断裂后才会引起振动超限报警,影响运行安全。针对电机轴承保持架早期故障诊断的难题,首先,提出了一种基于峭度曲面极大值选取最佳频带的新方法,相比传统方法,该方法能够在强噪声及干扰中有效地找到富含保持架微弱冲击信号的故障频带;进而,提出了一种评估故障频带对应的包络谱的故障显著度的计算方法,能够自动辨识出保持架故障;接着开展了两组电机保持架故障实验,验证了方法对保持架故障诊断的有效性;最后,进行长时间数据采集实验,验证了方法的鲁棒性。The bearing cage is a fault-prone component of the motor.Due to the small contact force between the cage and other bearing components,the impulsive vibration signal resulted from the cage fault is very weak,and it can be detected by vibration amplitude only when the crack near the bearing pocket corners has significantly expanded or even cracked,which greatly affects operation safety.In order to solve the problem that the early weak fault of the bearing cage is difficult to identify and extract,firstly,a new kind of method for selecting the best frequency bands based on the local maximum value of the kurtosis surface is proposed.Compared with other traditional methods,the proposed method could effectively find the optimum frequency bands which contain most fault characteristics in strong background noise.Moreover,a bearing fault saliency calculation method is proposed to evaluate the envelope spectra of the selected optimal bands,enabling automatic cage fault identification.After that,two sets of cage fault experiments verify the method's diagnostic effectiveness,followed by a long-term acquisition experiment to assess its robustness.

关 键 词：电机轴承 保持架故障 峭度曲面 早期故障诊断 

分 类 号：TN911[电子电信—通信与信息系统] TP277[电子电信—信息与通信工程]