基于骨架线特征识别的激光选区熔化区域性能匹配成形方法  

Region Performance Matching Forming Method for Selective Laser Melting Based on Feature Recognition of Skeleton Line

作　　者：何骏驰 张李超[1] 王森林 汤名锴 史玉升[1] HE Junchi;ZHANG Lichao;WANG Senlin;TANG Mingkai;SHI Yusheng(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074;School of Machinery and Automation,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院,武汉430074 [2]武汉科技大学机械自动化学院,武汉430081

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第15期272-282,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4600500);国家自然科学基金(51790174)资助项目。

摘　　要：对于激光选区熔化成形存在如薄壁和尖角等特征区域的零件,不同特征区域在真实服役场景下的性能需求和与之匹配的最佳工艺策略不尽相同。针对现有激光选区熔化工艺规划及加工软件中缺乏支持各类特征区域提取并匹配不同工艺策略的情况,提出一种基于骨架线特征识别的激光选区熔化区域性能匹配成形方法,实现薄壁、尖角和大平面等区域匹配性能需求工艺策略的一体化成形。通过仿真或实验确定各特征区域的性能需求,再提取切片轮廓的主骨架线,并依据其特征对切片轮廓进行区域划分,同时通过工艺数据库确定匹配各区域性能需求的工艺策略,将匹配性能需求的工艺策略赋予相应区域并打印成形零件。使用Ti6Al4V材料打印航空航天中常用的叶轮零件等比例缩小模型进行实验,确定叶轮的性能需求为中心处所需抗拉强度大和叶片处所需塑性好,提取叶轮切片轮廓并设置分区参数从而划分叶轮中心处和叶片处,然后将实验得到的工艺策略分别赋予叶轮中心处和叶片处并打印成形零件,最后对两处的微观组织进行分析,验证了方法的可行性。本项目所提出的基于骨架线特征识别的SLM区域性能匹配成形方法可有效实现区域性能可调控零件的一体化制造,使零件在服役过程满足不同区域对性能的差异化需求,为高性能零件一体化成形提供有效手段。For parts with thin-wall region and sharp corner region in selective laser melting forming,different feature regions have distinct performance requirements in real service scenarios and different optimal process strategies.In view of the lack of relevant feature region extraction and process planning module in existing SLM process planning and manufacturing software,a region performance matching forming method for selective laser melting based on skeleton line feature recognition is proposed to realize integrated forming of parts with process strategies matching performance requirements of feature regions such as thin-wall,sharp corner and large plane.The performance requirements of each feature region are determined by simulation or experiment,then main skeleton line of the slice contour is extracted,and the slice contour is regionally divided by the main skeleton lines’features.At the same time,the process strategy matching the performance requirements of each region is determined by process database.The process strategy matching performance requirements is assigned to the corresponding area and the forming part is printed.The Ti6Al4V material is used to print the scale-down model of impeller parts commonly used in aerospace for experiments.The impeller's requirements are determined as high tensile strength of the central space and good plasticity of the blade space.The impeller's slice contours are extracted and partition parameters are set to divide the center of the impeller and the blade.Then the process strategy obtained from the test is given to the center of the impeller and the blade.After that,the part is printed.Finally,the microstructure of the two places is analyzed,and feasibility of the method is verified.The proposed region performance matching forming method for selective laser melting based on skeleton line feature recognition can effectively achieve integrated manufacturing of parts with adjustable regional performance.It meets the differentiated performance requirements of different regions

关 键 词：激光选区熔化 骨架线 特征识别 成形方法 

分 类 号：TG665[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]