复杂曲面微织构五轴联动激光微铣削精密加工技术研究  

Investigation of Precision Machining Technology of Five-axis Linkage Laser Micro-milling for Complex Curved Surface Microtextures

作　　者：李鹤 赵学森[1] 张俊杰[1] 马文启 胡振江[1] 孙涛[1] LI He;ZHAO Xuesen;ZHANG Junjie;MA Wenqi;HU Zhenjiang;SUN Tao(Center for Precision Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin150001)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学精密工程研究所,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第15期368-378,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国防基础科研核科学挑战专题资助项目(TZ2018006–0201–02).

摘　　要：激光微加工被广泛用于制备平面功能表面微织构,具有质量高、成本低和效率高等优势,但是在加工曲面微织构时存在烧蚀范围有限、光束入射角频繁变化而导致加工质量低等问题。为了实现曲面工件高质量表面微织构的高精度激光加工,提出一种将多轴联动精密运动平台与纳秒脉冲激光束耦合的多轴联动激光微铣削加工方法,采用激光束与曲面法线恒定重合的策略来实现高质量曲面微织构的激光微加工。首先,解析研究平面-曲面微织构的投影变化法则、激光-曲面相互作用点位置和姿态调整的运动学特性,确定激光加工轨迹的离散约束条件。其次,提出激光束与曲面法线恒定重合的加工策略,设计并研制了五轴联动激光微铣削机床,通过开发虚拟仿真环境确定其加工性能。最后,开展复杂曲面微织构的五轴联动激光微铣削加工实验和表征,在高陡度小尺寸的不锈钢曲面工件上制备了形状复杂的高精度表面微织构。研究结果显示,采用多轴联动精密运动平台与纳秒脉冲激光束耦合的加工方法可以实现曲面微织构连续且均匀地激光微加工,为在高陡度小尺寸复杂曲面上制备高质量微织构提供了一种可行方法。Laser micromachining is widely used to fabricate planar functional surface microtextures,for its advantages of high quality,low cost and high efficiency.However,the application of laser micromachining in fabricating curved surface microtextures is hindered by the limited ablation ranges and frequent changes of beam incident angles,which result into low machining quality.In order to realize the laser micromachining of high-quality microtextures on complex curved surface,a multi-axis linkage laser micro-milling-based surface texturing method is proposed,which couples a multi-axis linkage precision motion platform with a nanosecond pulse laser beam.Furthermore,the strategy of constant coincidence between the laser beam and the surface normal is adopted to realize the high-quality laser micromachining of high precision microtextures on curved surface.Firstly,the projection law of planar surface microtexture on curved surface,as well as the kinematics of the position and attitude adjustment of laser-curved surface interaction point,are analytically analyzed,based on which the discrete constraints of the laser machining trajectory are determined accordingly.Secondly,a machining strategy of constant coincidence between the laser beam and the surface normal is proposed,for which a five-axis linkage motion micro-platform is designed and developed,and its machining performance is evaluated by developing a virtual simulation environment.Finally,the five-axis linkage laser micro-milling experiments and the characterization of as-fabricated complex curved surface microtextures are carried out,which demonstrate the realization of high-precision surface microtextures with complex shapes on stainless steel curved workpiece with high steepness and small size.The results suggest that the continuously and uniformly processing of complex curved surface microtextures can be realized by using the multi-axis linkage precision motion platform coupled with the nanosecond pulse laser beam,which provides a feasible method for preparing hig

关 键 词：曲面微织构 激光微铣削 五轴联动运动 位姿调控 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]