水价对农户灌溉用水投入的影响——基于要素替代视角  

THE IMPACT OF WATER PRICES ON FARMERS’IRRIGATION WATER INPUTBASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF FOCTOR SUBSTUTION

作　　者：董小菁 钟甫宁[2] 纪月清[2] Dong Xiaojing;Zhong Funing;Ji Yueqing(Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,南京210014 [2]南京农业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农业资源与区划》2024年第7期76-86,共11页Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国粮食产业高质量发展实现路径与政策体系研究”(21&ZD101);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目“江苏促早栽培模式下葡萄一年两熟关键栽培技术研究与示范”(CX(21)2027);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS 2022 434)。

摘　　要：[目的]通过对农户灌溉行为分析,考察水价对农户灌溉用水投入的影响,基于不同生产要素与灌溉用水的要素替代弹性揭示农户节水的路径与机制。[方法]文章运用多元回归模型,选取新疆地块层面323个农户地块调查数据,首先探索水价变动对农户单位面积灌溉用水量及灌溉次数的影响,其次分析水价变动对农户种子与毛管单位面积投入的影响,最后计算两种生产要素与灌溉用水的要素替代弹性。[结果](1)当水价上升时,农户可能会通过减少单位面积灌溉用水量以及灌溉次数的方式以减少灌溉用水投入;(2)当水价上升时,农户不会改变种子投入,主要倾向于增加毛管投入来减少灌溉用水量;(3)而相对灌溉用水而言,种子的替代关系较弱,而在玉米生产中毛管替代关系较弱,棉花毛管替代关系较强。[结论]定价机制作为促进农业节水的政策工具是有效的,水价可作为鼓励农民增加灌溉技术投入提高效率的有效手段,当水价上升时,灌溉用水相关的要素配置的情况取决于两者之间要素替代关系的强度,要素替代弹性越强的生产要素增加幅度越大。This study aims to investigate the impact of water price on farmers'irrigation water application and how farmers save water by calculating the elasticity of substitution between irrigation water and different production factors.With a survey data set of 323 farmer plots collected in Xinjiang,we first examined the effects of water price on irrigation frequency and irrigation intensity, defined as water application per mu. We then analyzed how waterprice affect the application of other production factors. Based on the estimation results above, the elasticities ofsubstitution between irrigation and two other inputs, i. e., seed and capillary, were calculated respectively. Theresults were listed as follows. (1) When water price went up, farmers reduced irrigation intensity and irrigationfrequency to save water. (2) They also increased the application of capillary in response to the price change. Incontrast, we found little evidence of changes in their seeding behaviors, implying limited substitution betweenirrigation and seeds. The degree of substitution between irrigation and capillary also differed by crop: therelationship was stronger for cotton but weaker for corn. In summary, the results indicate that increasing water pricehelps to promote agricultural water saving and encourages farmers to invest in irrigation infrastructure. Theapplication of other production factors also increases with water price, but the magnitude of the increase dependstheir substitutability with irrigation.

关 键 词：水价 灌溉用水 要素价格弹性 种子 毛管 

分 类 号：F303.4[经济管理—产业经济]