白蚁对土壤与植物影响的过程及机制  

Process and mechanism of termite impact on soil and plant

作　　者：姜川 曾小玲 金艳强 冯德枫 林方美 陈远洋 唐建维[1] 刘成刚[1] JIANG Chuan;ZENG Xiaoling;JIN Yan-qiang;FENG Defeng;LIN Fangmei;CHEN Yuanyang;TANG Jianwei;LIU Chenggang(CAS Key La-boratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Aca-demy of Sciences,Mengla 666303,Yunnan,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Highland Forest Science,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650233,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;School of Agriculture,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,中国科学院热带植物资源可持续利用重点实验室,云南勐腊666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所,昆明650233 [4]中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院退化生态系统植被恢复与管理重点实验室,广州510650 [5]云南大学资源植物研究院,昆明650504

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第9期2401-2412,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071744,32271854);云南省基础研究专项(202201AT070123);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才专项(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0204)资助。

摘　　要：白蚁作为一种巢居式社会性昆虫,其部分类群具有重大破坏作用,常被人们混淆为世界性“害虫”。然而,绝大多数白蚁能够通过参与生物地球化学循环来调节植被和土壤的重要生态功能和服务,被誉为“生态系统工程师”。本文综述了白蚁对巢穴土壤物理、化学、生物特性及其周边植物群落组成和多样性等的影响。白蚁可以形成独特的土壤“生物团聚体”和“资源异质性斑块”,影响微生物群落结构、胞外酶活性、土壤理化性质和温室气体排放等,进而影响植被生长发育、组成结构及生产力水平。这种效应在不同白蚁类群和功能群间存在差异,且受区域土壤环境和微气候条件等影响。白蚁巢穴可通过上述过程有效提高区域生态系统适应或抵御外界环境胁迫的能力。今后研究需重点关注以下方向:1)从微观尺度(团聚体水平)到宏观尺度(景观水平),探索以白蚁为核心的土壤生物营养级联效应过程及其对生物地球化学循环的驱动机制;2)探究将白蚁巢穴土壤开发为热带地区土壤肥力改良剂的潜力,并挖掘巢穴有益微生物功能基因用于病害防治等产品研发。Termites,as a kind of nesting social insects,are often confused as worldwide“pests”because some of their groups have great destructive effects.The vast majority of termites can regulate ecosystem functions and ser-vices by participating in biogeochemical cycles,known as“ecosystem engineers”.We reviewed studies on the effects of termites on the physical,chemical and biological characteristics of mound soil ecosystems and the compo-sition and diversity of plant communities.Termites could form unique soil“biogenic aggregates”and“resource het-erogeneity patches”,which affect microbial community structure,extracellular enzyme activity,physicochemical property and greenhouse gas emission,thereby affecting plant growth,community composition and structure,and vegetation productivity.However,this effect significantly differed among termite groups and functional groups,and was dependent on regional soil environment and microclimate conditions.Meanwhile,termite-mound could effec-tively improve ecosystem adaptation or resistance to environmental stress through the above process.Future research should focus on the following directions:1)studying the trophic cascading effect of termite-centered soil multilevel biological network and the potential effect on biogeochemical cycle from microscale(aggregate level)to macroscale(landscape level);2)exploring the potential of termite mound soil as a fertility amendment in tropical regions,and mining beneficial microbial functional genes to develop related products for termite control.

关 键 词：白蚁巢穴 土壤生物结构 养分循环 水气交换 微生物互作 植物群落 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]