海南岛主要作物磷肥需求及减量潜力分析  

Analysis of phosphorus fertilizer demand and reducing potential of main crops in Hainan Island

作　　者：朱镕 李婷玉 洪秀杨 阮云泽[1,2] 王雁峰 ZHU Rong;LI Tingyu;HONG Xiuyang;RUANYunze;WANG Yanfeng(Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication,Hainan University,Sanya,Hainan 572000;College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570208;Xinyangfeng Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jingmen,Hubei 448000,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚572000 [2]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570208 [3]新洋丰农业科技股份有限公司,湖北荆门448000

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2024年第5期639-649,共11页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省水稻绿色生产氮肥用量定额及其实现途径(YSPTZX202019);农业农村面源污染对近岸海域生态系统的影响及污染防控技术研究与示范(ZDKJ2021008);海南省院士工作站(SQ2019ysgzz0037)。

摘　　要：为了了解海南岛农田磷肥施用产品的结构特征和存在的问题。通过实地调研,收集海南岛主要粮食、蔬菜、水果等作物在单季磷肥施用强度和磷肥产品结构方面的信息,明确海南岛主要作物磷素平衡的现状;同时,对主要作物磷肥推荐用量进行评估,通过分析海南岛磷肥的合理需求总量,制定重点作物的磷肥减量目标。结果显示,海南岛农田作物单季磷肥平均施用强度为95.68 kg·hm^(-2)(以P计),高出全国平均水平62.17%。其中,化肥磷平均投入量为87.59 kg·hm^(-2),有机肥磷平均投入量为8.09 kg·hm^(-2),有机替代比例为8.46%。海南岛作物整体磷盈余较高,其中粮食作物磷盈余为30.00 kg·hm^(-2),蔬菜作物磷盈余为94.64 kg·hm^(-2),水果作物的为155.00 kg·hm^(-2)。截至2021年,海南岛的年均磷肥总消耗量为24.28万t(以P_(2)O_(5)计),总体减量潜力达59.90%。磷肥施用产品以高磷平衡型复合肥为主,占总磷投入的78.46%。目前,海南岛存在严重的磷肥过量施用情况,磷盈余和环境风险较高,同时有机替代比例低,具有较大的磷肥减量潜力。Based on the nutrient requirements of major crops in Hainan Island,combined with the current planting structure characteristics and the characteristics of phosphorus fertilizer application in crop systems,the phosphorus fertilizer demand and reducing potential in this region were evaluated,and the structural characteristics of phosphorus fertilizer products applied in farmland and existing problems were identified.Through field surveys,information on the phosphorus fertilizer application intensity and phosphorus fertilizer product structure of major crops such as grains,vegetables,and fruits in Hainan Island was collected to clarify the phosphorus balance status in the major crops in Hainan Island.At the same time,the recommended phosphorus fertilizer rates for the major crops were evaluated,and the phosphorus fertilizer reducing targets for the major crops were determined by analyzing the total reasonable demand for phosphorus fertilizer in Hainan Island.The results show that the average phosphorus fertilizer application intensity for farmland crops in Hainan Island was 95.68 kg·hm^(-2)(as P),which was 62.17%higher than the national average.Among them,the average input of chemical phosphorus fertilizer were 87.59 kg·hm^(-2),and the average input of organic phosphorus fertilizer was 8.09 kg·hm^(-2),with an organic substitution ratio of 8.46%.The overall phosphorus surplus of crops in Hainan Island was relatively high,with 30.00 kg·hm^(-2)for grain crops,94.64 kg·hm^(-2)for vegetable crops,and 155.00 kg·hm^(-2)for fruit crops.As of 2021,the annual average phosphorus fertilizer consumption in Hainan Island was 242,800 tons(as P_(2)O_(5)),and the overall P fertilizer reducing potential was 59.90%.High-phosphorus balanced compound fertilizers are the main phosphorus fertilizer products used,accounting for 78.46%of the total phosphorus input.Currently,Hainan Island has a serious problem of excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer,with high phosphorus surplus and environmental risks,while the organic substi

关 键 词：海南岛 磷肥 作物 需求 减量潜力 

分 类 号：S143.2[农业科学—肥料学]