秸秆源有机物料长期还田对土壤水分动态及孔隙结构的影响  

Effects of long⁃term straw⁃derived organic materials returning on soil water dynamics and pore structure

作　　者：肖俊瑶 许龄井 王馨仪 孙彩霞 张玉兰[2] 蒋正德 XIAO Junyao;XU Lingjing;WANG Xinyi;SUN Caixia;ZHANG Yulan;JIANG Zhengde(Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province,College of Life and Health Sciences,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110169,China;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110016,China;National Field Scientific Observatory for Farmland Ecosystems,Shenyang 110169,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学生命科学与健康学院,辽宁省生物资源开发利用重点实验室,沈阳110169 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁省现代保护性耕作与生态农业重点实验室,沈阳110016 [3]辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,沈阳110169

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第9期2729-2736,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：辽宁省十四五揭榜挂帅项目(2021JH1/10400039⁃2);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32072667)资助。

摘　　要：土壤水分库容量与旱地农田土壤地力密切相关,研究秸秆源有机物料还田条件下土壤水分动态特征,有助于揭示秸秆源有机物料还田保水核心与土壤地力提升的效应关系。基于长期玉米田间定位试验,以无秸秆添加为对照(CK),设置玉米秸秆炭化还田(BC)和玉米秸秆粉碎直接还田(SD)处理,采用土壤温湿度记录仪连续定位监测不同秸秆源有机物料还田方式下玉米土壤湿度,分析土壤湿度与土壤孔隙结构等土壤理化因子之间的关系。结果表明:与CK相比,BC和SD处理条件下玉米全生育期内平均土壤湿度分别提高了19.8%(P<0.05)和9.7%;5月土壤持续干旱数日发生降水后,BC处理土壤湿度快速上升且增幅高于SD;7—9月伴随较大降水事件土壤湿度急剧上升达到峰值后,BC土壤湿度比SD处理下降缓慢。与CK相比,BC和SD处理的土壤总孔隙度分别增加18.9%和7.0%,土壤孔隙含水率分别增加8.2%和2.5%。BC处理土壤水分与土壤有效磷、全磷含量等指标密切相关(P<0.05),SD处理土壤孔隙结构与碱解氮含量等指标密切相关(P<0.05)。上述研究结果可为秸秆资源肥料化利用提供科学依据。In dryland agriculture,soil water⁃holding capacity is closely associated with soil fertility.Exploring soil water dynamics under the conditions of straw⁃derived organic materials returning can help reveal the dependency between the core of water retention and soil fertility improvement.Based on a longterm maize field experiment with the treatments of control(CK,without straw),carbonated maize straw incorporation(BC),and crushed maize straw direct incorporation(SD),soil moisture was continuously monitored using soil temperature and humidity recorder.The relationship between soil moisture and soil physicochemical factors was explored.The results showed that the average soil moisture increased by 19.8%(P<0.05)and 9.7%during the whole growth period of maize under the BC and SD treatments,respectively.In May when precipitation occurred after the soil had been dry for several days,soil moisture in the BC increased faster than that in the SD.From July to September,soil moisture increased rapidly following heavy precipitations,and then gradually decreased over time after reaching its peak.In this duration,soil moisture displayed a slower rate of decrease under BC compared to SD.Compared to CK,total soil porosity in BC and SD increased by 18.9%and 7.0%,respectively.Soil waterfilled pore space increased by 8.2%in BC and 2.5%in SD,compared to CK.Soil water content in BC was significantly correlated with soil avail⁃able phosphorus and total phosphorus contents(P<0.05),while soil pore structure in SD was closely linked to alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content(P<0.05).These findings provide a theoretical basis and guidance for using straw as fertilizer resource.

关 键 词：有机物料还田 生物炭 秸秆 土壤水分 土壤孔隙结构 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S152.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]