表面活性剂强化生物修复重金属和多环芳烃污染土壤研究进展  

Surfactant⁃enhanced bioremediation of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil:A review

作　　者：廉梅花 曾祥峰[2] 马阳阳 王鹏 李晓军[2] LIAN Meihua;ZENG Xiangfeng;MA Yangyang;WANG Peng;LI Xiaojun(College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110159,China;Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳理工大学环境与化学工程学院,沈阳110159 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第9期2813-2823,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：辽宁省应用基础研究计划(青年专项,2023JH2/101600007);沈阳市科学计划项目(21⁃108⁃9⁃29);辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKMZ20220596);国家自然科学基金项目(41907284)资助。

摘　　要：随着工农业的迅速发展,土壤重金属和多环芳烃等无机、有机物污染问题日益突出,对作物安全和人体健康造成威胁。相对其他技术,生物修复具有经济成本低和环境友好等优点而颇具潜力。但土壤是无机黏土矿物、有机质及有机⁃无机胶体等组成的复合体系,对进入其中的污染物质具有较强的吸附作用,因而限制了污染物的生物有效性,不利于生物修复的开展。向污染土壤施加表面活性剂可以改变土壤的表面电荷、吸收位能及污染物的赋存形态或溶解度,对提高生物修复效率具有积极作用,因此,围绕表面活性剂强化生物修复的相关研究成为当前热点。本文综述了土壤中重金属和多环芳烃的污染现状、表面活性剂类型以及不同因素对表面活性剂强化生物修复效果的影响,最后对该技术存在的问题进行了总结和展望,以期为表面活性剂筛选及其强化生物修复污染土壤提供理论基础。A rising number of heavy metals,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,and other inorganic and organic pollutants pose a threat to crop safety and human health due to the rapid development of industry and agriculture.Compared with other technologies,bioremediation is a lowcost and environmentally friendly technology.However,soil is a heterogeneous system comprised of inorganic clay minerals,organic matter,and organic⁃inorganic colloids that are capable of adsorbing pollutants.The efficiency of bioremediation is therefore limited by the bioavailability of pollutants.By contrast,the surface charge and absorption potential energy of the soil,as well as the speciation and solubility of pollutants may change as a result of surfactant addition.We reviewed the pollution status of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils,surfactant types,and the influence of various factors on the efficiency of bioremediation enhanced by surfactants.Furthermore,we summarized and prospectively discussed the dis⁃advantages of bioremediation technique to provide a theoretical basis for future screenings and applications of surfactants.

关 键 词：表面活性剂 土壤 重金属 多环芳烃 生物修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]