工农业废料在养殖废水处理中的应用  

Application of industrial and agricultural wastes in the treatment of livestock farming wastewater

作　　者：孙娜 刘长风 石亚楠[2] 陈希娟[2] SUN Na;LIU Changfeng;SHI Yanan;CHEN Xijuan(School of Environmental and Safety Engineering,Shenyang Chemical University,Shenyang 110819,China;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳化工大学环境与安全工程学院,沈阳110819 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第9期2850-2858,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28090100)资助。

摘　　要：工农业废料在去除养殖废水中污染物方面有一定的应用潜力。本研究以养殖废水为对象,选用镁矿渣、铁矿渣和生物炭3种工农业废料,按体积比1∶1∶1混匀制成混合材料,然后将其与表层土壤按体积比0.75%、2%、5%和10%混合后填装柱体,在室内稳态饱和条件下进行土柱迁移实验。试验结果显示:养殖废水中污染物质的去除率与混合材料添加量呈正相关,总体上以5%~10%混合材料掺入量最佳。此时对总氮的去除率为29.89%,累计去除量达到21.95 mg·kg^(-1);对总磷的去除率为57.49%,累计去除量为15.03 mg·kg^(-1);化学需氧量的去除率为18.08%,累计去除量为363.11 mg·kg^(-1);生化需氧量的去除率为38.52%,累计去除量为6.59 mg·kg^(-1);浊度的去除率达到19.22%,累计去除量为210.78 NTU。研究表明,以5%~10%混合材料与土壤混合,可有效去除污水中20%以上的污染物质,本研究可为养殖废水为主的面源污染拦截阻控策略提供科学依据。Industrial and agricultural wastes have a promising application in the removal of pollutants from livestock farming wastewater.In this study,three industrial and agricultural wastes,including magnesium slag,iron slag,and biochar,were selected to mix in a volume ratio of 1∶1∶1.The composite materials were then mixed with surface soil with the volume ratios of 0.75%,2%,5%and 10%to conduct soil column transport experiments under steadystate saturation conditions.The results showed that the removal rate of pollutants from swine wastewater was positively correlated with the amount of mixed material,with the highest removal rate in the columns filling with 5%-10%mixed material.The removal rate of total nitrogen(TN)was 29.89%and the cumulative removal amount was 21.95 mg·kg^(-1).The removal rate of total phosphorus(TP)was 57.49%and the cumulative removal amount was 15.03 mg·kg^(-1).The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand(COD)was 18.08%and the cumulative removal amount was 363.11 mg·kg^(-1).The removal rate of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5)was 38.52%and the cumulative removal amount was 6.59 mg·kg^(-1).The removal rate of turbidity reached 19.22%and the cumulative removal amount was 210.78 NTU.Our results demonstrated that soil mixing with 5%-10%of composite materials can effectively remove more than 20%of pollutants from wastewater.Our results can provide scientific basis for the interception and deterrence strategy of surface pollution mainly from livestock farming wastewater.

关 键 词：工农业废料 养殖废水 动态迁移 土壤过滤 COD去除 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]