不同选冶固废材料对土壤重金属稳定化效果的影响  

Effects of different metallurgical solid waste materials on the stabilization of heavy metals in soils

作　　者：白旭琴 贾春云[2] 刘长风 韩秀云 丁悦 王诗伟 BAI Xuqin;JIA Chunyun;LIU Changfeng;HAN Xiuyun;DING Yue;WANG Shiwei(College of Environmental and Safety Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,China;Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳化工大学环境与安全工程学院,沈阳110142 [2]中国科学院污染生态与环境工程重点实验室,中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第9期2881-2891,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFC1806401);辽宁省科技计划联合计划项目(2023021253⁃JH2/1017);中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所自主部署重大项目(IAEMP202201)资助。

摘　　要：碱性工业废渣已经广泛应用于土壤重金属修复,经复配、加工、改性后可稳定化土壤中的重金属,从而降低重金属的毒性。本文探究了高炉渣(FG)和铁尾砂(T)对重金属污染土壤的稳定化效果,并结合SEM⁃EDS和XRD等手段揭示土壤中重金属的钝化机制。高炉渣材料水洗和高温煅烧后获得产品WFG和HFG;铁尾砂高温煅烧后获得产品HT。结果表明:稳定化材料施加显著提高土壤pH,电导率值变化不显著,稳定40 d后,土壤pH有所下降;土壤DTPA提取态Cd、Pb、Zn含量均下降,HFG⁃10%处理对Cd和Zn的稳定化效果最佳,稳定化率分别为66.04%和92.21%,HT⁃10%对Pb的稳定化效果最佳,稳定化率为69.67%;施加稳定化材料导致土壤重金属残渣态和可还原态含量随时间的增加先增大后减小;生态风险指数表明,施加10%高炉渣材料(FG、WFG、HFG)后土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn的风险指数下降了一个等级。总的来说,HFG⁃10%处理对土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn的稳定化效果最好,重金属钝化机制主要包括表面吸附和络合反应。Alkaline industrial wastes have been widely used for soil heavy metal remediation.They can be com⁃bined,processed and modified to stabilize heavy metals in the soil,thereby reducing the toxicity of heavy metals.In this study,we investigated the stabilization effect of blast furnace slag(FG)and iron tailing sand(T)on heavy metalcontaminated soil,and combined SEM⁃EDS and XRD to reveal the passivation mechanism of heavy metals in soil.The products WFG and HFG were obtained after washing and high⁃temperature calcination of blast furnace slag materials,while the product HT was obtained after high⁃temperature calcination of iron tailing sand.The results showed that the application of stabilizing materials significantly increased soil pH,and did not affect EC value.Soil pH declined after soil was stabilized for 40 d.The contents of Cd,Pb and Zn in DTPA extracted soil decreased after 40 d of treatment with stabilizing materials,and the HFG⁃10%treatment had the best effect on Cd and Zn,with stabilizing rates of 66.04%and 92.21%,respectively.HT⁃10%had the best stabilizing effect on Pb,with a stabilizing rate of 69.67%.The application of stabilization materials first increased and then decreased the content of heavy metals in the soil in the residual and reducible states over time.The assessment of ecological risk index showed that the risk index of Cd,Pb and Zn in the soil decreased by one level after application of 10%blast furnace slag materials(FG,WFG and HFG).Overall,the HFG⁃10%treatment had the best stabilization effect on Cd,Pb and Zn in soil,and the heavy metal passivation mechanisms mainly included surface adsorption and complexation reactions.

关 键 词：高炉渣 铁尾砂 土壤重金属 稳定化 机制 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X75