低速二冲程船舶柴油机燃用不同燃料的黑碳排放特性  

Black carbon emission characteristics of a low-speed two-stroke marine engine fueled with various fuels

作　　者：温苗苗[1] 傅夏明 李江 孙盈 WEN Miaomiao;FU Xiaming;LI Jiang;SUN Ying(Shanghai Rules and Research Institute,China Classification Society,Shanghai 200135,China;School of Naval Architecture,Ocean and Energy Power Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船级社上海规范研究所,上海200135 [2]武汉理工大学船海与能源动力工程学院,湖北武汉430063

出　　处：《舰船科学技术》2024年第17期101-109,共9页Ship Science and Technology

摘　　要：为了探究船舶柴油机燃用不同燃料的黑碳排放特性,对一台低速二冲程船舶柴油机进行稳态工况试验,试验中使用了轻柴油(D100)、生物柴油(Bio50、Bio30、Bio10)、低硫重油(Low Sulfur Fuel Oil,LSFO)以及高硫重油(High Sulfur Fuel Oil,HSFO)共6种燃料。结果表明,燃用D100以及生物柴油时,黑碳排放浓度相较燃用重油时显著降低,并且随着生物柴油掺混比例的增加,减排效果愈明显,最大加权下降率达到了80%;燃用重油时,在中高负荷工况下,滤纸式烟度计的测量值明显高于声光式烟度计,二者的最大相对偏差达到了40%以上;随着负荷上升,黑碳排放浓度逐渐降低,NOx排放浓度升高,CO排放浓度下降。燃用生物柴油时,NOx排放浓度相较其余燃料更高,而CO排放浓度相对更低;燃用生物柴油时,缸内最大爆发压力明显高于其余燃料,缸压曲线面心前移说明此时燃料燃烧放热迅速,能量转换效率高,但由于生物柴油的净热值较低,故使用生物柴油时,燃油消耗率偏高。本文研究结果可为船舶黑碳减排技术的研发与相关排放法规的制定提供参考。In order to investigate the black carbon emission characteristics of marine diesel engines fueled with different fuels,steady-state operating conditions tests were conducted on a low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine,six fuels were used in the tests,including distillate diesel(D100),biodiesel(Bio50,Bio30,Bio10),low sulfur heavy oil(LSFO),and high sulfur heavy oil(HSFO).The results show that when using the D100 and biodiesel,the black carbon emission concentration is significantly reduced compared with that of heavy fuel oil,and the black carbon emission reduction effect is more obvious with the increase of biodiesel blending ratio,with a maximum weighted reduction rate of 80%;when using heavy oil,under medium to high load conditions,the measurement results of the filter-type smoke meter are significantly higher than those of the photoacoustic smoke meter,with a relative deviation of over 50%between the two;as the load increases,the concentration of black carbon emissions gradually decreases,the concentration of NOx emissions increases,and the concentration of CO emissions decreases,when using biodiesel,the concentration of NOx emissions is higher than other fuels,while the concentration of CO emissions is relatively lower;When using biodiesel,the maximum peak pressure in the engine cylinders is significantly higher than that of the other fuels,and the forward shift of the center of the cylinder pressure curve means that the fuel combustion exotherm is rapid and the energy conversion efficiency is high,but due to the lower net calorific value of biodiesel,so the brake specific fuel consumption is higher when using biodiesel.The results of this paper can provide a reference for the R&D of ship black carbon emission reduction technologies and the formulation of relevant emission regulations.

关 键 词：黑碳 船舶柴油机 生物柴油 排放特性 烟度计 

分 类 号：U664.121.1[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]