突发公共卫生事件中个人信息收集的法治化研究  

Legalization of Personal Information Collection in Public Health Emergencies

作　　者：郑悠然 ZHENG Youran(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期100-108,共9页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(20BFX050)。

摘　　要：伴随着《个人信息保护法》的生效,“告知—同意”和最小必要原则被确立为日常个人信息收集中的基本原则。突发公共卫生事件所引发的应急状态,让个人信息处理行为暂时地突破常规原则的限制,呈现与日常规则相悖的特点。公权主体基于法定职责、公共利益和紧急权力有权推行此类特别信息处理措施,但要受到法治原则的约束。突发公共卫生事件中个人信息收集行为的法治化框架由收集主体、逻辑模式、收集范围和收集标准四部分构成。国家机关和授权组织是实施主体,收集措施应遵照法定收集的逻辑模式。一般个人信息和敏感个人信息都属于法定收集的范畴,但对后者需采取特殊保护措施。以人群和空间为标准可将收集对象划分为强相关、中相关、弱相关三类,强相关性主体适用法定收集、中或弱相关性主体适用同意收集。With the enactment of the personal information protection law,“informing-consent”and the least necessary principle have been established as the basic principles in the daily handling of personal information.The emergency state caused by public health emergencies makes personal information processing temporarily break through the restrictions of the above principles,showing the characteristics that are contrary to the daily rules.Public authorities are empowered to implement such special information processing measures based on legal responsibilities,public interests,and emergency power,but still subject themselves to the rule of law.The legal framework for personal information collection by public authorities consists of four parts:collection subjects,logical mode,collection scope,and collection standards.State organs and authorized organizations are the implementing entities,and collection measures should comply with the logical mode of statutory collection.General personal information and sensitive personal information are subject to statutory collection,but the latter requires special protective measures.Collection subjects can be classified into three categories of strong,medium,and weak correlations based on population and space.Subjects of strong correlation are subject to statutory collection,while subjects of medium or weak correlation are subject to consent collection.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 公权主体 个人信息 法定收集 应急状态 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]