基于COM-B模型的女大学生人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种意愿影响因素研究  

Using the COM-B model to study on influencing factors of human papilloma virus vaccination intention among female college students

作　　者：张晓莹 张宁[1,2] ZHANG Xiaoying;ZHANG Ning(School of Public Health,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;The Second Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310009,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江大学医学院附属第二医院,浙江杭州310009

出　　处：《健康发展与政策研究》2024年第3期260-268,共9页Health Development and Policy Research

摘　　要：目的基于能力、机会、动机—行为(Capability-Opportunity-Motivation Behavior,COM-B)模型分析我国女大学生人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素。方法采用横断面调查法,于2023年5月13日—6月27日,以华北地区(山西省太原市)和华东地区(浙江省杭州市)7所全日制普通高等院校为研究地点,通过便利抽样,选取18~26岁的女大学生作为调查对象开展问卷调查,共发放596份问卷。对调查者的人口学特征以及COM-B模型的相关变量进行描述性统计分析,采用独立样本t检验、Pearson相关分析以及多重线性回归分析人口统计学变量、COM-B变量与HPV疫苗接种意愿的关系。结果共回收565份有效问卷。女大学生HPV疫苗接种意愿的均值为(3.72±0.88)分。多重线性回归分析结果显示,能力因素中的知识水平(β=0.08,P=0.02),机会因素中的指令性社会规范(β=0.13,P<0.01)、接种时间可行性(β=0.13,P<0.01)、疫苗费用的可承受度(β=0.11,P=0.02),动机因素中的感知严重性(β=-0.13,P<0.01)、机会成本(β=-0.08,P=0.03)、自我效能(β=0.21,P<0.001)、绝对性风险感知(β=0.09,P=0.019)以及人口统计学变量中参与者的受教育程度(β=0.14,P<0.01)是HPV疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。结论女大学生对于HPV疫苗的接种意愿处于中等水平,仍有提升空间。社会规范和风险感知等社会心理因素对提高接种意愿至关重要,过分强调疾病的严重性可能抑制接种意愿。决策过程中疫苗的即时好处可能较长期的成本效益更为重要。Objective To analyze the intention of female college students to receive human papilloma virus(HPV)vaccination and its influencing factors based on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior(COM-B)model.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey from May 13 to June 27,2023,at seven full-time universities in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province(Northern China)and Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province(Eastern China).Female college students aged 18 to 26 years were selected through convenience sampling.We distributed 596 questionnaires and analyzed demographic data along with COM-B model variables using descriptive statistics.Independent sample t-tests,pearson correlation analysis,and multiple linear regression were applied to examine the relationships between demographic variables,COM-B variables,and HPV vaccination intention.Results A total of 565 returned questionnaires were valid.The mean score for HPV vaccination intention among female college students was 3.72±0.88.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that knowledge level(β=0.08,P=0.02),prescriptive social norms(β=0.13,P<0.01),feasibility of vaccination timing(β=0.13,P<0.01),affordability of vaccine costs(β=0.11,P=0.02),perceived severity(β=−0.13,P<0.01),opportunity cost(β=−0.08,P=0.03),self-efficacy(β=0.21,P<0.001),risk perception(β=0.09,P=0.019),and educational level(β=0.14,P<0.01)significantly influenced HPV vaccination intention.Conclusions The vaccination intention is moderate,with potential for improvement.Social norms and risk perception are crucial factors in stimulating vaccination intention.However,overemphasizing the severity of disease may provoke fear or anxiety,deterring vaccination.Individuals often prioritize immediate benefits over long-term cost-effectiveness when considering vaccination.

关 键 词：人乳头瘤病毒疫苗 接种意愿 女大学生 能力、机会、动机—行为模型 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]