美国吸引外商直接投资的总体态势、政策变化及启示借鉴  

The overall situation,policy changes and implications of attracting foreign direct investment in the United States

作　　者：谈俊[1] 胡华 Tan Jun;Hu Hua

机构地区：[1]中国国际经济交流中心美欧研究部欧盟研究室 [2]工业和信息化部国际经济技术合作中心

出　　处：《全球化》2024年第5期80-90,132,共12页Globalization

摘　　要：吸引外商直接投资是一国促进自身经济发展的重要举措。美国作为全球最主要的外商直接投资目的地之一,近年来其外商直接投资规模稳步攀升。同时出现结构性变化,主要体现在吸引重点国家和地区外商直接投资流量出现分化,以及外商直接投资流入领域出现结构性变化。这与美国引资政策稳中有变密切相关。美国在现有引资政策基础上,进一步放宽市场准入,签署高标准投资协定,加大安全审查力度和重点领域引资力度,原因包括美国要巩固并增强其在吸引外商直接投资领域的国际竞争力,加快芯片等重点领域发展,以及保持国际收支总体平衡、促进增加就业等。美国吸引外商直接投资的做法对中国稳步扩大制度型开放,建设更高水平开放型经济新体制,实现经济高质量发展,以及以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设具有一定启示和借鉴作用。Attracting foreign direct investment(FDI)is an important measure for a country to promote its own economic development.As one of the world’s most important FDI destinations,the scale of FDI in the United States has steadily increased in recent years,and structural changes have taken place,mainly reflected in the divergence of FDI flows in key countries and regions,and structural changes in FDI inflows,which are closely related to the stable and changing investment policies of United States,and on the basis of the existing investment policy,the United States will further relax market access,sign high-standard investment agreements,increase security review and investment in key areas,etc.,for reasons such as United States consolidating and enhancing its international competitiveness in attracting foreign direct investment,accelerating the development of key areas such as chips,and maintaining the overall balance of payments and promoting the increase of employment.United States’approach to attracting foreign direct investment has a certain enlightenment and reference role for China to steadily expand institutional opening-up,build a new system of higher-level open economy,achieve high-quality economic development,and comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country with Chinese path to modernization.

关 键 词：外商直接投资 安全审查 高标准经贸协定 制度型开放 

分 类 号：F832.6[经济管理—金融学] F125F171.2