我国巨灾保险制度的实践困境与优化路径  

The Practical Challenges and Optimization Path of China's Catastrophe Insurance System

作　　者：肖浩男 XIAO Haonan(Shanxi University Law School)

机构地区：[1]山西大学法学院

出　　处：《金融经济》2024年第8期89-100,共12页Finance Economy

摘　　要：全球气候变化使自然灾害发生的频率和强度明显提升,巨灾保险可以通过发挥其损失补偿、风险管理与社会治理功能,降低经济社会系统的气候脆弱性。然而,我国巨灾保险制度发展仍处于初级阶段,政府财政支持型的巨灾风险应对模式运行乏力,加之我国巨灾保险市场培育不成熟,制约了巨灾保险功能的发挥。究其原因是现有不健全的法律规范体系无法为巨灾保险市场的规范运行提供制度基础;同时,巨灾保险与大数法则间的矛盾,市场中逆向选择与道德风险问题突出,以及市场有效需求与基础设施的不足等,共同制约了巨灾保险市场的发展。因应之策在于,建立健全法律规范体系,推进巨灾保险立法,明确运行模式、投保方式与风险分散机制,对巨灾风险的跨时空分散以及信息不对称问题进行改善,有效提升巨灾保险市场需求,同时推进基础设施建设,以实现巨灾保险市场的可持续发展。Global climate change has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of natural disasters.Catastrophe insurance can reduce the climate vulnerability of socio-economic systems by fulfilling its roles in loss compensation,risk management,and social governance.However,the development of China's catastrophe insurance system is still in its early stages.The government-backed catastrophe risk relief model is struggling,and the underdevelopment of China's catastrophe insurance market limits the full potential of catastrophe insurance.The root cause lies in the inadequate legal and regulatory framework,which fails to provide the institutional foundation for the proper functioning of the catastrophe insurance market.Additionally,conflicts between catastrophe insurance and the law of large numbers,prominent issues of adverse selection and moral hazard,and the lack of effective market demand and infrastructure jointly hinder the market's growth.The solution is to establish a sound legal and regulatory system,promote catastrophe insurance legislation,clarify operational models,insurance methods,and risk diversification mechanisms.Enhancing the spatial and temporal distribution of catastrophe risk and addressing information asymmetry will effectively boost market demand and infrastructure development,ensuring the sustainable growth of the catastrophe insurance market.

关 键 词：气候变化 巨灾保险 风险分散 大数法则 道德风险 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]