城镇复合型污水处理厂水质监测与微生物分析  

Water quality monitoring and microbiological analysis of urban complex sewage treatment plant

作　　者：王竟全 王童 张栋年 孟先斌 吴天明 蔚静雯 王斐 张文 何泽忠 宋梦婕 孔春才[1] 杨志懋[1] 毛娟[4] 朱浩[1,2] WANG Jing-quan;WANG Tong;ZHANG Dong-nian;MENG Xian-bin;WU Tian-ming;YU Jing-wen;WANG Fei;ZHANG Wen;HE Ze-zhong;SONG Meng-jie;KONG Chun-cai;YANG Zhi-mao;Mao Juan;ZHU Hao(School of Physics,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,China;College of Earth and Environmental Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430000,China;School of Environmental Science&Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学物理学院,陕西西安710049 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]长江生态环保集团有限公司,湖北武汉430000 [4]华中科技大学环境科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《陕西科技大学学报》2024年第5期31-42,共12页Journal of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology

基　　金：陕西省联合基金项目(2021JLM-27);长江生态环保集团有限公司科研项目(HBHB2022018)。

摘　　要：城镇复合型污水处理厂发挥着处理辖区工业污水与生活污水的作用.其中的生化段是污水处理厂的核心部分,生化处理效果依赖于多样的微生物群落,生物的多样性是高效去除有机物、氮和磷等污染物质的重要保证.在此,对长江流域城镇复合型污水厂L的工艺水质及微生物基因数据进行了系统的分析.首先,对污水厂L进出水与各处理工段水质进行监测,并且对生化段进行了沿程监测,结合运行数据与监测数据,评估了污水处理厂实际运行效果.工业废水进水没有对污水处理厂L造成冲击,各工艺段运行基本稳定,出水水质基本达标.进一步利用宏基因组测序技术,对污水处理厂L氧化沟工艺的活性污泥样本进行了微生物群落结构的研究.结果表明,氧化沟中存在着功能各异的微生物.微生物的多样性和相对丰度在不同区域之间表现出差异,这种差异反映了其适应不同环境条件的能力.通过生态代谢组学分析,探讨了微生物群落的功能特征,群落中不同种微生物在有机物降解、脱氮和除磷等关键生化过程中发挥各自的作用,协同工作以实现废水处理的高效性.通过对污水厂运行监测数据的分析及微生物群落基因的研究,有助于全面地评价并诊断污水厂的运行情况.Urban complex sewage treatment plants play a vital role in modern society.The biochemical section is the core part of wastewater treatment and relies on a diverse microbial community to efficiently remove contaminants such as organics,nitrogen and phosphorus.Herein,the process water quality and microbial gene data of Urban complex sewage treatment plant L in the Yangtze River basin were systematically analyzed.The water quality at inlet and outlet the wastewater treatment plant,as well as the water quality at each stage of the treatment process,were continuously monitored,with particular focus on the biochemical section.By integrating operational and monitoring data,an assessment of the actual performance of the sewage treatment plant was conducted to identify areas for improvement.The inlet water of industrial wastewater did not have an impact on the Urban complex sewage treatment plant L,the operation of each process section was basically stable,and the effluent water quality was basically up to standard.Furthermore,the metagenomic sequencing technology is used to study the microbial community structure of activated sludge samples from the oxidation ditch of sewage treatment plant L.The results showed that there were microorganisms with different functions in the oxidation ditch.The diversity and relative abundance of microorganisms show differences between regions,and this difference reflects their ability to adapt to different environmental conditions.Through ecometabolomics analysis,the functional characteristics of microbial communities are explored.Different microbial species play their respective roles in key biochemical processes such as organic matter degradation,nitrogen removal,and phosphorus removal.By analyzing the monitoring data and studying the genes of the microbial community,a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis of the sewage treatment plant′s operation can be achieved.

关 键 词：城镇复合污水处理厂 水质监测 宏基因组测序 微生物基因功能 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]