非法经营罪中的经营行为研究  

Research on the Act Requirement of Business Operation in the Crime of Illegal Business Operation

作　　者：劳东燕[1] LAO Dongyan(Law School,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《现代法学》2024年第5期49-68,共20页Modern Law Science

基　　金：清华大学自主科研课题“非法经营罪泛化适用的法教义学限定”(2024THZWYY03)。

摘　　要：针对非法经营罪的泛化适用,有必要严格界定其构成要件,并注重出罪机制的构建。经营行为系非法经营罪实行行为的组成部分,如何对其进行合理界定,是关于该罪法教义学建构必须关注的问题。非法经营罪中经营行为有这些共性特点:涉及经济领域内的业务活动,指向的是业务内容而非业务方式;有直接或间接相对应的合法业务;行为蕴含的类型性风险具有“扰乱市场秩序”的性质;经营行为本身构成“违反国家规定”。非法经营罪中的经营行为应当体现经营性的面向。所谓的经营性,意指行为蕴含经济性利益,以出售商品或服务的环节为核心内涵,出于营利目的,并具有反复进行的意思。在非法经营罪有无未遂形态的问题上,司法实务界坚持的是否定论立场。否定论的立场缺乏合理性,是对经营行为过于宽泛的解读,是将该罪当作行为犯的结果。经营行为以销售环节为核心的特性,决定了非法经营罪存在未遂形态。In view of over-broad application of the crime of illegal business operation,it is necessary to strictly define its elements and pay attention to establishing its mechanism of decriminalization.Act of business operation is an integral part of perpetrating conduct in the crime of illegal business operation,and how to define it reasonably is a problem that must be emphasized in its dogmatic construction.The common characteristics of act of business operation are as follows:it should be involving business activities in the field of economy,being directed to business content rather than business mode;there must be a certain lawful business corresponding directly or indirectly;its inherent risk needs to show the nature of“disturbing market order”,it must be act of business operation itself that constitutes a“violation of state regulations”.Act of business operation should indicate the orientation of management.The so-called orientation of management means that act of business operation contains economic benefits,with sale of goods or services as core connotation,as well as for the purpose of profit,and meanwhile,the actor has a desire to repeat similar behaviors in his mind.On the problem of whether there is an attempted form for the crime of illegal business operation,general answer in the judicial practice of China is negative.However,such a position is lack of rationality,due to an over-broad interpretation of act of business operation and to a result of regarding the crime of illegal business operations as conduct offense.The characteristic that act of business operation should be understood based on sale of goods or services as core connotation determines an existence of attempted form in the crime of illegal business operation.

关 键 词：非法经营罪 经营行为 出罪机制 犯罪未遂 扰乱市场秩序 

分 类 号：DF623[政治法律—刑法学]