清代“刑部通行”性质考辩  

A Study on the Nature of“Tongxing”in the Ministry of Justice during the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王若时 WANG Ruoshi(Law School,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学法学院,西安710127

出　　处：《现代法学》2024年第5期102-114,共13页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“明清食货立法研究”(23CFX090)。

摘　　要：围绕如何认识清代刑部“通行”的性质,学界长期存在争议。现存的大量刑事法律文献表明,“通行”是在律例无文或定期修例期间,朝廷为应急需要,向全国或特定地方下达单行法令的一种方式。从清初到清末,“刑部通行”一以贯之,从未中断,它既适时补充《大清律例》之未备,又为纂修《大清律》后附例提供了基础文本。终清一代,在“律有限而情无穷”的情况下,司法审判活动之所以始终实现有法可依,刑部通行发挥了至关重要的作用。清代及时发布刑部通行,并通过定期修例以“刑部通行”完善刑法典的经验,对当代法治建设具有借鉴意义。There has been a long-time debate in academic circles regarding the nature of the“Tongxing”(通行)issued by the Ministry of Justice during the Qing Dynasty.A large number of existing ancient criminal law documents indicate that“Tongxing”was a form of promulgating ad hoc law issued by the imperial government of Qing to the entire country or a specific province,when the established laws were unspecified or during the periodic legislative procedure.From the early to late Qing Dynasty,the issuance of“Tongxing”by the Ministry of Justice had by no means disappeared.It timely supplemented the deficiencies of the“Great Qing Legal Code”(《大清律例》)and provided foundational texts for the subsequent periodic compilation of supplementary regulations attached to the Qing Code.Throughout the Qing Dynasty,in a context where“laws are limited but circumstances are ever changing,”the continuous issuing of“Tongxing”by the Ministry of Justice played a crucial role in ensuring that judicial activities were always conducted in accordance with the law.The Qing Dynasty’s experience of promptly issuing“Tongxing”and periodically revising laws to perfecting the criminal code through“Tongxing”has practical significance for contemporary legal construction.

关 键 词：“通行”沿革 刑部通行 定期修例 《大清律例》 

分 类 号：DF09[政治法律—法学理论]