广西东北部某瑶族地区瑶族人群毒蛇咬伤流行病学调查与分析  

Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis of Snakebite in Yao Ethnic Group in Northeast Guangxi

作　　者：郑宏[1] 徐宝灵 盛昌灵 周怡彤 刘筱璇 ZHENG Hong;XU Baoling;SHENG Changling;ZHOU Yitong;LIU Xiaoxuan(Department of Emergency Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University,Guilin City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,541001,China;Department of Emergency Medicine,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University,Guilin City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,541100,China;Department of Emergency Medicine,the People's Hospital of Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,542500,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林医学院附属医院急诊医学科,广西桂林541001 [2]桂林医学院第二附属医院急诊医学科,广西桂林541100 [3]广西壮族自治区恭城瑶族自治县人民医院急诊医学科,广西恭城542500

出　　处：《蛇志》2024年第3期270-272,288,共4页Journal of Snake

基　　金：广西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(项目名称:广西恭城瑶族自治县边远山区瑶族人群毒蛇咬伤流行病学调查及分析,项目编号:S2023108);广西蛇类研究会蛇类科学研究系列课题(项目名称:广西东北部某瑶族地区毒蛇咬伤流行病学调查与分析,项目编号:国蛇研[2023]KT-04);广西医疗卫生重点学科建设项目(项目名称:自治区级医疗卫生重点学科,项目编号:桂卫科教发[2021]8号);四川省科技厅重点研发计划(项目名称:基于虚拟标准化蛇伤患者治疗模型的蛇伤大数据平台研究及示范应用,项目编号:2022YFQ0085)。

摘　　要：目的调查分析广西东北部恭城瑶族自治县瑶族人群毒蛇咬伤流行病学情况,为制定具有少数民族特色的毒蛇咬伤预防措施和防治手段提供前期基础。方法回顾性收集2017年12月至2022年12月恭城瑶族自治县人民医院收治的287例毒蛇咬伤瑶族患者的临床资料,统计分析患者的一般资料、咬伤时间、咬伤地点、咬伤部位、致伤毒蛇种类等流行病学特点。结果287例毒蛇咬伤瑶族患者中,平均年龄(52.01±13.78)岁,男217例(75.61%),女70例(24.39%)。毒蛇咬伤事件全年均有发生,主要分布在7(40例)、8(68例)和9月份(59例)。在田地、山林、村路等户外场所及家中、公厕等户内区域均有毒蛇咬伤事件发生,其中户外咬伤253例(88.15%),户内咬伤34例(11.85%)。咬伤部位为上肢148例(51.57%),下肢135例(47.04%),足部3例(1.05%),头部1例(0.35%)。致伤毒蛇有7种,其中五步蛇咬伤164例(57.14%),眼镜蛇咬伤62例(21.60%),烙铁头蛇咬伤20例(6.97%),竹叶青蛇咬伤18例(6.27%),蝮蛇咬伤15例(5.23%),蝰蛇咬伤5例(1.74%),银环蛇咬伤3例(1.05%)。结论结合广西东北部瑶族人群毒蛇咬伤流行病学情况,加强少数民族毒蛇咬伤的宣传与教育,制定医疗机构具有少数民族特色的毒蛇咬伤预防救治措施,以提高该地区的毒蛇咬伤防控水平。Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological situation of snakebite among Yao ethnic groups in a region of northeast Guangxi(Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County).Through understanding the local epidemiological situation of snakebite,this study aims to provide a preliminary basis for the development of preventive measures and treatment strategies for snakebite with ethnic minority characteristics.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 287 cases of snakebite patients of Yao ethnicity admitted to the Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County People's Hospital from December 2017 to December 2022.The general information,bite time,bite location,bite site,and types of venomous snakes involved were collected,analyzed,and epidemiologically analyzed.Results Among the 287 patients of Yao ethnicity,the average age was(52.01±13.78)years,with 217 males(75.61%)and 70 females(24.39%).Snakebites occurred throughout the year,mainly in July(40 cases),August(68 cases),and September(59 cases).Snakebites occurred both outdoors in fields,mountains,village roads,and indoors at home or public toilets,with 253 outdoor bites(88.15%)and 34 indoor bites(11.85%).The bite sites were 148 cases(51.57%)on the upper limbs,135 cases(47.04%)on the lower limbs,3 cases(1.05%)on the feet,and 1 case(0.35%)on the head.There were 7 types of venomous snakes involved,including 164 cases(57.14%)of Agkistrodon acutus,62 cases(21.60%)of Naja naja,20 cases(6.97%)of Ovophis makazayazaya,18 cases(6.27%)of Trimeresurus stejnegeri,15 cases(5.23%)of Gloydius blomhoffii brevicaudus,5 cases(1.74%)of Vipera russellii,and 3 cases(1.05%)of Bungarus multicinctus.Conclusion Based on the epidemiological situation of snakebite among the Yao ethnic groups in a region of northeast Guangxi,it is necessary to strengthen the promotion and education of snakebite prevention and treatment knowledge.At the same time,medical institutions should enhance their treatment capabilities for snakebite patients and develop preventive and treatment measures for snakebite with ethnic min

关 键 词：广西 瑶族 毒蛇咬伤 流行病学 调查研究 

分 类 号：R646[医药卫生—外科学]