秸秆还田配施不同外源物对黄河故道地区土壤养分及作物产量的影响  

Effect of straw returning combined with different exogenous substances onsoil nutrients and crop yield in the old Yellow River course region

作　　者：邵文奇[1] 董青君 李传哲 纪力[1] 董玉兵 钟平[1] 孙春梅[1] 陈川[1] 章安康[1] SHAO Wen-qi;DONG Qing-jun;LI Chuan-zhe;JI Li;DONG Yu-bing;ZHONG Ping;SUN Chun-mei;CHEN Chuan;ZHANG An-kang(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Huaian,Jiangsu 223001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第8期1715-1721,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省科技项目(BE2021378);淮安市级基础研究计划项目(HABL2023053)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在改善黄河故道砂性土壤地区的秸秆还田效果,提高土壤质量及作物产量。【方法】基于秸秆激发还田技术,分析比较秸秆全量还田模式下,分别增施氮素(N)、有机肥(M)、生物菌剂(B)、有机肥+生物菌剂(MB)、土壤酶助剂(S)、有机肥+生物菌剂+土壤酶助剂(MBS)等不同外源物对土壤养分及作物产量的影响。【结果】增施外源物的秸秆激发还田技术可以提高土壤肥力及作物产量。N处理在增施187.5 kg/hm2的氮量水平下,对土壤养分含量和作物产量的影响不显著。与不施用外源物处理(CK)相比,MB处理能够提高土壤有机质及氮磷钾等养分含量,作物产量也显著提高。MBS处理能够进一步增加秸秆还田效应,与CK处理相比,其土壤有机质含量增加4.5%~10.3%,总氮增加18.3%~33.8%,速效磷增加11.3%~25.5%,速效钾增加52.6%~99.6%;较其他5种配施外源物处理相比,MBS处理使玉米增产3.0%~32.0%,大豆增产0.5%~30.2%,小麦增产5.4%~14.3%,增产效果明显。【结论】所有处理中,秸秆还田配施有机肥+生物菌剂+土壤酶助剂(MBS)对提高土壤养分含量和作物产量效果最好。【Objective】The present paper aimed to improve the effect of straw returning in sandy soil in the old Yellow River course region,thereby improving soil quality and crop yield.【Method】The effect of nitrogen(N),organic fertilizer(M),microbial agent(B),organic fer⁃tilizer+microbial agent(MB),soil enzyme agent(S),organic fertilizer+microbial agent+soil plant enzyme agent(MBS)on soil nutri⁃ents and crop yields was studied and compared based on the technique of straw⁃activated returning.【Result】The technique of straw⁃activated returning by adding exogenous materials could improve soil fertility and crop yield.The effect of N treatment on soil nutrient content and crop yield was not significant when N application was increased by 187.5 kg/hm2.Compared with non⁃exogenous material(CK)treatment,MB treatment could increase soil organic matter and nutrient content,and the crop yield was also increased significantly.MBS treatment could fur⁃ther increase the straw returning effect.Compared with CK treatment,the soil organic matter content of MBS was increased by 4.5%-10.3%,total nitrogen was increased by 18.3%-33.8%,available phosphorus was increased by 11.3%-25.5%,and available potassium was increased by 52.6%-99.6%;Compared with the other five treatments of exogenous application,the corn yield of MBS was increased by 3.0%-32.0%,soybean yield was increased by 0.5%-30.2%,and wheat yield was increased by 5.4%-14.3%.【Conclusion】In all treatments,straw returning combined with organic fertilizer+biological agents+soil enzyme(MBS)additives has the best effect on improving soil nutrient content and crop yield.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 外源物 黄河故道地区 土壤养分 作物产量 

分 类 号：S156.92[农业科学—土壤学]