咪唑烟酸治理互花米草对广西滨海湿地表层土壤有机碳及养分状况的影响  

Effects of imazapyr treatment of Spartina alterniflora on organic carbon and nutrient contents in surface soil of coastal wetlands in Guangxi

作　　者：戴洪涛 杨景竣 韦杰 张继辉 刘秀[2] 吴博 田红灯 DAI Hong-tao;YANG Jing-jun;WEI Jie;ZHANG Ji-hui;LIU Xiu;WU Bo;TIAN Hong-deng(Guangxi Shankou Mangrove Ecological National Nature Reserve Management Center,Beihai,Guangxi 536000,China;Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning 530002,China;Beijing Top Green Ecological Technology Limited Company,Beijing 100005,China)

机构地区：[1]广西山口红树林生态国家级自然保护区管理中心,广西北海536009 [2]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西南宁530002 [3]北京绿冠生态科技股份有限公司,北京100005

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第8期1816-1824,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB23026057);中央财政林草科技推广示范项目([2023]TG28号);广西林业科技推广示范项目(2023GXLK07);广西自筹经费林业科技项目(2024GXZCLK04)。

摘　　要：【目的】评估咪唑烟酸在控制互花米草中的应用效果,并分析治理过程对土壤生态系统的影响,为互花米草科学防治提供参考依据。【方法】在广西滨海互花米草入侵典型区域设立3种浓度咪唑烟酸处理试验样地L1~L3(3000、3750、4500 g/hm^(2))和喷施清水的对照样地L0,在互花米草花期前喷施咪唑烟酸,采集试验1、30、60、120 d的0~20 cm土壤样本,分析总有机碳(TOC)和氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)等主要养分含量,并记录互花米草生长状况和防除率。【结果】喷施咪唑烟酸显著抑制互花米草的生长,试验30、60、120 d的平均防除率分别为54.35%、92.99%、100.00%,但存在二次入侵现象。喷施咪唑烟酸120 d后,互花米草植株死亡,试验样地土壤TOC含量显著降低(P<0.05,下同),表层土壤呈现明显的碳损失趋势;喷施咪唑烟酸对土壤全氮(TN)含量无显著影响(P>0.05,下同),但氨态氮(NH_(4)^(-)-N)、全磷(TP)、有效磷(AP)、全钾(TK)、有效钾(AK)含量显著增加,硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量降低,各养分含量在L1~L3样地间无显著差异。【结论】咪唑烟酸具有高效的互花米草防除率,喷施咪唑烟酸后导致互花米草死亡,造成土壤碳损失,但是总体上促进了土壤养分积累。因此,宜采取全局治理模式以避免二次入侵现象,并种植乡土植被占据互花米草生态位,以提升土壤固碳增汇能力及生态系统稳定性。【Objective】This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of imazapyr in controlling Spartina alterniflora and to analyze its impact on soil ecosystem,so as to provide theoretical basis for scientific control of S.alterniflora.【Method】In the typical S.alterniflora invasion area in coastal Guangxi,a control sample plot L0 and three experimental sample plots(L1-L3)treated with different concentrations of imazapyr(3000,3750,4500 g/hm^(2))were established.Soil samples at depths of 0-20 cm were collected at 1,30,60 and 120 d of the experiment.The contents of total organic carbon(TOC),nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)were analyzed.Meanwhile,the growth status and control rate of S.alterniflora were recorded.【Result】The growth of S.alterniflora was greatly inhibited by spraying with imazapyr,and the elimination efficiency were 54.35%,92.99%and 100.00%after 30,60 and 120 d,respectively.However,secondary invasion occurred in the experimental area.The application of imazapyr caused the death of S.alterniflora,significantly reduced the TOC content of soil in the experimental plots(P<0.05),with surface soil showing a clear trend of carbon loss.The application of imazapyr had no significant effect on soil TN content(P>0.05),but significantly increased the contents of ammoniacal nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),total potassium(TK)and available potassium(AK),and significantly decreased nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)content.There was no significant difference in nutrient content among the experimental plots.【Conclusion】Imazapyr shows a high control rate of S.alterniflora,however,while effectively controlling S.alterniflora,the application of imazapyr resulted in soil carbon loss indirectly,but promoted the accumulation of soil nutrients.Therefore,the global control model should be adopted in the control project to avoid the secondary invasion of S.alterniflora,and it is recommended to plant native vegetation to occupy the ecological niche of the original S.alterniflora,so as

关 键 词：咪唑烟酸 互花米草 表层土壤 总有机碳 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S765.1[农业科学—森林保护学]