可可西里地区北部湖泊水体中铷和铯分布特征及其形成机制  

Distribution Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Rubidium and Cesium in the Water Bodies of the Northern Hoh Xil Region

作　　者：朱镇源 孔凡翠[1,2] 雷占昌 段建华 韩光 史晖炀 王建萍 ZHU Zhenyuan;KONG Fancui;LEI Zhanchang;DUAN Jianhua;HAN Guang;SHI Huiyang;WANG Jianping(Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes Xining,810008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China;Qinghai Nuclear Industry Geology Bureau,Xining,810016,China;Qaidam Comprehensive Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province,Golmud,816099,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,盐湖资源绿色高值利用重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]青海省核工业地质局,青海西宁810016 [5]青海省柴达木综合地质矿产勘查院,青海格尔木816099

出　　处：《盐湖研究》2024年第5期19-28,共10页Journal of Salt Lake Research

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2022QZKK0201,2019QZKK0805-02);青海省自然科学基金项目(2024-ZJ-906);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划(YSBR-039);国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2088);中信十大科技创新项目盐湖资源综合开发与利用(2023ZXKYA05100)。

摘　　要：可可西里盐湖中富集的铷和铯在保障我国资源安全中具有极其重要的战略地位。为了解可可西里湖泊水体中铷和铯资源元素的分布规律及其富集机制,本研究测试了湖水、地下水、河水以及降水的水化学、稳定同位素(δD和δ18O)以及元素含量,研究结果表明:(1)可可西里北部湖泊水的总溶解固体(TDS)值变化范围较大,介于0.42~31.99 g/L之间。铷和铯的含量范围分别为2.32~2467.7μg/L(均值:210.85μg/L)和0.65~945.53μg/L(均值:98.23μg/L)。在空间分布上,铷和铯的含量与TDS呈现中部最低、西部高于东部的趋势。其中,勒斜武担湖的铷和铯含量及其TDS值最高。然而,湖水存在明显的淡化现象,这将对未来盐湖铷和铯资源的开发利用带来挑战。(2)氢氧同位素组成显示可可西里北部湖水受大气降水、岩浆水以及河流和地下水共同补给,泉在上升过程中受到降水的混合作用与河水汇集补给湖区。除了饮马湖、盐湖以及库赛湖东部,其他湖泊中铷含量均高于铯含量,即Rb/Cs>1,物源和迁移过程共同控制了可可西里北部湖泊水体中铷和铯含量的差异。湖水中铷和铯的富集主要受高铷铯含量的热泉补给、水体蒸发浓缩作用和水岩作用影响。本研究一方面丰富了对可可西里盐湖铷和铯稀有金属富集机制的理论认识,另一方面为提升盐湖铷和铯资源持续保障能力提供了科学依据和基础支撑。The enrichment of rare metals rubidium(Rb)and cesium(Cs)in the salt lakes of Hoh Xil has a crucial strategic importance for ensuring resource security of China.To understand the distribution patterns and enrichment mechanisms of Rb and Cs in the waters of Hoh Xil lakes,the hydrochemistry,stable iso‐topes(δD andδ18O),and elemental contents of lake water,groundwater,river water,and precipitation were analyzed.The results indicate that(1)The TDS values of lake water in the northern part of Hoh Xil vary significantly,ranging from 0.42 to 31.99 g/L.The content of Rb and Cs ranges from 2.32 to 2467.7μg/L(mean:210.85μg/L)and 0.65 to 945.53μg/L(mean:98.23μg/L),respectively.Spatially,the concentra‐tions of Rb and Cs exhibit a similar distribution pattern to TDS,characterized by higher values in the west,followed by the east,and the lowest in the central region,and Lexiewudan Lake has the highest Rb and Cs contents and TDS.The lake water shows significant desalination,which will pose challenges for the future exploitation and utilization of Rb and Cs resources in the salt lake.(2)The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions indicate that the northern Hoh Xil Lake water is recharged by atmospheric precipitation,mag‐matic water,and river and groundwater.The spring water,during its ascent,undergoes mixing with pre‐cipitation and converges with river water,supplying the lake area.Except for Yinma Lake,Salt Lake,and the eastern part of Kusai Lake,the Rb content in other lakes is higher than the Cs content(i.e.,Rb/Cs>1).The differences in Rb and Cs contents in the northern Hoh Xil lake water are controlled by the source and migration processes.The enrichment of Rb and Cs in lake water is primarily influenced by the supply of high-rubidium and high-cesium hot springs,evaporation concentration of the water body,and water-rock interactions.This study not only enriches the theoretical understanding of the enrichment mechanisms of rare metals Rb and Cs in Hoh Xil salt lakes but also provides scientific evidence and fun

关 键 词：可可西里北部水体 铷和铯 氢氧同位素 蒸发浓缩 水岩作用 

分 类 号：P618.7[天文地球—矿床学]