生物炭肥料主要养分元素含量及其产率的研究  

Analysis of Main Nutrient Element Content and Output Rate of Biochar Fertilizer

作　　者：陈一岩 白保勋[2] CHEN Yi-yan;BAI Bao-xun(Henan Technical Institute,Zhengzhou 450042,China;Zhengzhou Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Zhengzhou 450005,China)

机构地区：[1]河南应用技术职业学院,河南郑州450042 [2]郑州市农林科学研究所,河南郑州450005

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2024年第9期35-41,51,共8页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：河南省科技厅重点科研项目“新型生物炭肥料研发及应用”(212102110231);青年骨干教师项目(2022-GGJS-H004);职业教育教学改革研究与实践项目“数字赋能新时代人才培养质量评价改革探究”(ZJGG-2023B-011)。

摘　　要：为了探讨生物炭肥料的科学制备方法,筛选出适宜的生物炭肥料原料,收集了河南省多种果枝、粮经作物与蔬菜秸秆作为试验材料,对这些生物质原料的热解温度、原料与肥料营养元素含量、肥料产率进行了分析。结果表明:有7种果枝和作物蔬菜秸秆适合用于制作生物炭肥料,其中以果枝的含碳量较高,粮经作物和蔬菜秸秆的含碳量较低,果枝和秸秆中全氮、全磷、全钾含量的变化规律不明显。果枝和秸秆的热解温度会影响生物炭肥料的养分含量,生物炭肥料的产出率是确定热解温度的主要因素,热解温度过低则原料分解不充分,过高则生物炭肥料的产量低。生物炭肥料质量主成分分析结果表明,茄子秆、花生秆、葡萄枝比较适合作为制作生物炭肥料的原料,生物炭肥料生产技术的研发为农业废弃物资源化利用提供了技术支撑。In order to study the scientific preparation method of biochar fertilizer and choose the suitable biochar fertilizer raw materials,a variety of fruit tree branches,grain and economic crops,vegetable straws in Henan Province were collected as experimental materials.The pyrolysis temperature of above biomass raw materials,the content of nutrient elements in raw materials and fertilizers,and the output rate of fertilizers were analyzed.The results showe that 7 kinds of agricultural and forestry wastes were suitable for making biochar fertilizer.The carbon content of fruit branches was higher than that of grain,economic crops and vegetable straws.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in fruit branches and straw had no fixed change law.The pyrolysis temperature of fruit branches and straw affected the nutrient content of biochar fertilizer,the output rate of biochar fertilizer was the main factor to determine the pyrolysis temperature.The decomposition of raw materials was insufficient when pyrolysis temperature was too low.The yield of biochar fertilizer was low when the pyrolysis temperature was too high.The principal component analysis results of the biochar fertilizer quality showed that eggplant straw,peanut straw and grape branch were more suitable for the production of biochar fertilizer.The research and development of biochar fertilizer production technology can provide technical support for the resource utilization of agricultural wastes.

关 键 词：农业废弃物 热解温度 生物炭肥料 营养元素 生产率 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]