宿迁三台山国家森林公园春季鸟类多样性研究及智能声纹监测方法应用  

Research on Bird Diversity in Spring and Application of Intelligent Voiceprint Monitoring Method in Suqian Santaishan National Forest Park

作　　者：任诗超 马士胜 张悦 纪轩禹 REN Shichao;MA Shisheng;Zhang Yue;JI Xuanyu(Jiangsu Provincial Ecological Environment Monitoring and Monitoring Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210019,China;Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210019,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省生态环境监测监控有限公司,江苏南京210019 [2]江苏省环境监测中心,江苏南京210019

出　　处：《环境监控与预警》2024年第5期76-82,共7页Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning

基　　金：江苏省生态环境监测监控公司2024年度研发项目。

摘　　要：为了解宿迁三台山国家森林公园春季鸟类状况,于2024年3—5月,采用样线法、声纹监测法对公园内春季鸟类多样性进行连续调查,共布设8个声纹监测点位及8条样线,采用香农维纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数、皮耶罗(Pielou)均匀度指数进行多样性分析,利用深度学习模型对收集到的鸟类鸣声进行物种自动识别。春季共记录到鸟类133种,其中国家二级重点保护鸟类11种。居留型方面,留鸟43种,旅鸟30种,夏候鸟44种,冬候鸟16种。样线法调查到鸟类87种,累计1452只,声纹监测到鸟类119种。样线调查法结果表明,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为3.553,Pielou均匀度指数为0.796,鸟类多样性丰富,但受生境类型及人为干扰影响较大。同时根据声纹监测法可24 h连续性监测的特点,分析了杜鹃科和鸱鸮科典型鸟类的日活动节律。通过对比人工调查与声纹监测,发现智能声纹监测在时间、空间、物种数、监测频次、夜间活动和难以目测观察到的鸟类等多尺度上都展现出较强的优势,在鸟类多样性监测与保护中有较好的应用效果。In order to understand the status of birds in spring in Suqian Santai Mountain National Forest Park,this study collected data and analyzed the structure and diversity of bird communities by using transect method and passive acoustic monitoring equipment.From March to May 2024,the transect method and voiceprint monitoring method were used to continuously investigate the diversity of birds in the park in spring,and a total of 8 voiceprint monitoring points and 8 transects were arranged,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were used for diversity analysis,and the deep learning model was used to automatically identify the species of the collected bird songs.A total of 133 species of birds were recorded in spring,including 11 species of national second-class key protected birds.In terms of residence types,there are 43 species of resident birds,30 species of migratory birds,44 species of summer migratory birds,and 16 species of winter migratory birds.Among them,87 species of birds were surveyed by transect method,with a total of 1452 birds,and 119 species of birds were monitored by voiceprints.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were 3.553 and 0.796 respectively,indicating that the diversity of birds was abundant,but it was greatly affected by habitat type and human disturbance.At the same time,according to the characteristics of 24-hour continuous monitoring of voiceprint,the diurnal activity rhythm of typical birds of Cuculidae and Strigidae was analyzed.By comparing manual investigation and voiceprint monitoring,it is found that intelligent voiceprint monitoring has strong advantages in time,space,number of species,monitoring frequency,nocturnal activity and birds that are difficult to observe visually,and has a good application effect on bird diversity monitoring and protection.

关 键 词：鸟类多样性 智能声纹监测 日活动节律 三台山国家森林公园 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]