智能、人工智能和信息范式的崛起  

The Rise of Intelligence,Artificial Intelligence and Information Paradigm

作　　者：邬焜[1] 张晓东 WU Kun;ZHANG Xiao-dong(International Centre for Philosophy of Information,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049;College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学国际信息哲学研究中心,西安710049 [2]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,西安710049

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第8期56-65,共10页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“人工智能的哲学思考研究”(18JZD013)。

摘　　要：在人类知识发展的过程中先后凸显了三次大的科学和哲学范式的变革,它们分别是实体范式、场能范式和信息范式。由于信息范式是在人类知识的最高范式——“存在领域的划分”——层面发生的变革,所以,信息范式的崛起无论在人类科学范式的层面,还是在人类哲学范式的层面都引起了根本性的变革。“智能=智慧+能力”。在智慧和能力内在叠加、相互融合的统一中,智慧驱动着能力,能力体现着智慧。人工智能范式并不是信息范式之外或之上的一个新的范式领域,它只是信息范式发展的一个新阶段。人工智能的研究应当从沿用物质范式的方法转变为自觉运用信息范式的方法。通用人工智能应当把发现问题和解决问题统一起来,应当能够在主体(机器)与环境的互动中通过自适应的方式自主进化,能动感知、处理和创造信息,并进而能动的产生目的设计、决策与行为。人的智能和目前水平的人工智能存在着诸多方面的本质性区别,如果用目前人工智能达到的水平来解释人的智能,把人的智能归结为计算、逻辑和数据,那么,就把人的智能中的最本质和最精华的东西阉割掉了。Throughout the development of human knowledge,three major paradigm shifts in science and philosophy have emerged,namely the Substance Paradigm,the Field-Energy Paradigm,and the Information Paradigm.Given that the Information Paradigm represents a transformation at the highest lev-el of human knowledgenamely,the categorization of realms of existenceit has caused fundamental changes both within the scientific paradigmatic framework and philosophical discourse.The equation"Intelligence=Wisdom+Capability"posits that wisdom and capability are intrinsically combined and interwoven,with wisdom driving capability and capability manifesting wisdom.The Artificial Intelligence(AI)paradigm is not a separate or superior domain to the Information Paradigm but rather a new phase in its evolution.Research into AI should transition from relying on methodologies inherited from the material paradigm to consciously adopting those rooted in the information paradigm.General AI should unify problem identification with problem-sol-ving,capable of self-adaptive evolution through interactions between the agent(machine)and its environment,proactively perceiving,processing,and creating information,and ultimately engendering purposive design,decision-making,and behavior.Human intelligence and the current level of artificial intelligence differ in numerous fundamental respects.If we were to explain human intelligence using the capabilities currently achieved by Al,reducing it to computation,logic,and data,then we would be castrating the most essential and quintessential aspects of human intelligence.

关 键 词：信息范式 智能 人工智能 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]