美国国家科学基金会的应用技术与基础科学之争  

The Debate of Applied Technology VS.Basic Science in NSF

作　　者：穆蕴秋[1] 江晓原[1] MU Yun-qiu;JIANG Xiao-yuan(School of History and Culture of Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第8期74-82,共9页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金特别委托项目“‘经典三问’研究”(21@ZH042)。

摘　　要：美国国家科学基金会(NSF)于1950年成立,被称为美国基础科学的“堡垒”。但以工程学为代表的应用技术,一直在NSF机构内部争取和基础科学平等的地位,同时美国国会也希望NSF从追求不受政治干扰的“自由研究”转型服务于国家利益。论文从机构重组、相关法案出台、大型应用研究项目上马三个方面,分三阶段对此过程展开深入考察和揭示。并结合相关历史背景,对2020—2022年间《无尽前沿法案》等五个与NSF有关的法案给出新的解读。The National Science Foundation(NSF)established in 1950,was the only federal organization that was supporting basic scientific research and was known as the bastion of basic science in the United States.However,applied technology,represented by engineering,has been trying to gain an e-qual status with basic science within NSF.Meanwhile,the US Congress also hopes that,instead of without political interference,NSF will be transformed to serve national interests.This paper conducts an in-depth investigation and revelation of this process in three stages from three aspects:institutional re-structuring,the introduction of relevant laws,and the launching of large-scale applied research projects.Combined with the relevant historical back-ground,it puts forward a new interpretation of five laws related to NSF from 2020 to 2022.

关 键 词：国家科学基金会 基础科学 应用技术 国家利益 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]