中西火器技术“大分流”及其成因探析  

Analysis on the Great Divergence of Firearms Technology Between China and the West and Its Causoes

作　　者：冯震宇 王一茹 FENG Zhen-yu;WANG Yi-ru(Institute for History of Science and Technology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学科学技术史研究所,太原030006

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第8期106-113,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门“绝学”和国别史研究项目“明清稀见火器技术文献整理与研究”(19VJX157)。

摘　　要：中国作为最早发明火药和使用火器的国家,其火器技术曾长时间居于世界领先地位,然而随着火器技术的西传,西方在此过程中实现了反超。火器技术作为国家军事能力的重要体现之一,战争是其最直接的影响因素和表现形式。近代科学的发展、科学思想和科学方法的建立以及工业革命的发生,使得西方的军事技术有了理论指导,火器的制造实现了规模化、标准化,而中国则缺少孕育这些的文化背景与现实条件,由此产生了中西火器技术的“大分流”。基于中西方不同的历史文化背景,从战争、近代科学和工业革命的角度探讨中西火器技术发展的差异,可以明晰中国与西方火器技术逐步分流的过程及成因,为中西“大分流”这一历史问题提供新的研究视角。As the first country to invent gunpowder and use firearms,China's firearms technology has been in the leading position in the world for a long time.However,with the spread of firearms technology to the West,the West has achieved a reverse in this process.Firearms technology is one of the im-portant manifestations of national military capability,and war is its most direct influencing factor and manifestation.The development of modern science,the establishment of scientific ideas and methods,and the occurrence of the industrial revolution have provided theoretical guidance for Western military technology,and the manufacture of firearms has achieved scale and standardization,while China lacks the cultural background and realistic conditions for breeding these,resulting in the"great divergence"of Chinese and Western firearms technology.Based on the different historical and cultural backgrounds of China and the West,discussing the differences in the development of firearms technology between China and the West from the perspectives of war,modern science and industrial revolution,can clarify the process and causes of the gradual divergence of firearms technology between China and the West,and provide a new research perspective for the historical problem of"great divergence"between China and the West.

关 键 词：“大分流” 火器技术 中西对比 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]