《民法典》第137条第2款第2、3句评注  

Commentary on Sentence 2 and Sentence 3 of Paragraph 2 of Article 137 of the Civil Code

作　　者：胡逸群 Hu Yiqun

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《法大法律评论》2024年第1期175-187,共13页Cupl law review

基　　金：华东政法大学研究生创新能力培养专项资金项目“《民法典》第137条第2款第2、3句(数据电文形式意思表示的生效时间)解释论研究”(项目编号:2023-3-013)的结项成果。

摘　　要：从文义上来看,《民法典》第137条第2款第2句第1分句并非对本款第1句到达标准的具体化,而是特别规定。本款第2、3句采用了“指定/未指定特定系统”的立法模式,对于“数据电文”“指定系统”等来自相关示范法、公约的术语的解释可以参考其规则、说明与判例。但考虑到相关国际示范法、公约与本款第2、3句的实质性区别,在生效时间的认定上,仍须立足于我国民法体系下的基本原理。本款第2句第1分句应被目的性限缩为相对人指定了特定系统时,该数据电文进入指定系统并通常可被相对人知悉时生效。若相对人指定了特定系统但数据电文进入了非相对人所指定的系统,适用本款第1句,以相对人实际知道时为生效时间。若数据电文未进入相对人指定的系统,须区分原因存在表意人侧或相对人侧处理。不论相对人是否指定了特定系统,若相对人实际知道时间早于通常可期待其知道的时间,以实际知道时间为准认定生效时间。From a textual point of view,the first clause of Sentence 2 of Article 137,Paragraph 2,of the Civil Code is not a specification of the arrival criterion of the first sentence of this paragraph,but rather a special provision.Sentences 2 and 3 of this paragraph adopt the legislative model of"designating/not designating a particular system",and terms such as"data message","designated system"and so on,which are derived from relevant model laws and conventions,can be interpreted by referring to their rules,instructions,and jurisprudence.However,considering the substantive differences between the relevant international model laws and conventions and this paragraph's second and third sentences,the determination of the valid time must still be based on the basic principles of China's civil law system.The first clause of the second sentence of this paragraph should be purposively limited to the point at which the data message enters the designated system and becomes generally known to the counterparty when the counterparty has designated a particular system.If the counterparty designates a particular system but the data message enters a system other than the system designated by the counterparty,the first sentence of this paragraph applies,and the effective time is the time when the counterparty has actual knowledge.Suppose the data message does not enter the system designated by the counterparty.In that case,a distinction shall be made between the existence of the cause on the sender's side and the processing on the side of the counterparty.Regardless of whether the counterparty has designated a particular system,if the counterparty's actual knowledge is earlier than the time when the counterparty would normally be expected to know,the effective time is determined by the time of actual knowledge.

关 键 词：数据电文 意思表示 到达 《民法典》第137条第2款第2、3句 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]