我国农地流转的法制向度与规则再造  

The Legal Direction and Rule Re-engineering of Agricultural Land Transfer in China

作　　者：陈小君[1] CHEN Xiaojun

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学土地法制研究院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第9期170-184,共15页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村集体所有制法律实现机制研究”(项目编号:22&ZD202)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：历经“两权分离”“三权分置”改革,我国农地流转法规则供给渐见完善。即便农地流转规则被纳入物权体系框架之下,租赁乃至短期租赁作为农地流转的方式在实践中仍较为普遍。然而,农地租赁的法规则供给和管理运作与租赁现实需求相失调,私法规则的合同或物权适用方向犹疑未明,公法参与疲惫无力等问题明显。基于农地租赁与一般租赁的一致性、意思自治原则的内在动力、合同法的价值功能要素等,可以发现农地租赁需求境况与现行法制向度存在若干偏差。农地流转规则再造应顺势而为,以《农村土地承包法》《土地管理法》为载体,完善细化农地租赁规则。《农村土地承包法》应明文规定农地租赁的核心规则导向,具化农地租赁合同当事人权利义务内涵;在《土地管理法》中,应基于租赁运作利益平衡和公共利益考量等完善农地租赁的公权力监管规则体系,保障农地权利有序有效落实,促使农地流转向自愿集约规模的现代农业可持续方向发展。After the reforms of“separation of two rights”and“separation of three rights”,the legal supply of agricultural land transfer in China has been gradually improved.Even though the rules of agricultural land transfer have been incorporated into the framework of property rights system,leasing or even short-term leasing is still the main form of agricultural land transfer in practice.However,the supply of rules and management operation of agricultural land leasing is out of balance with the real needs of leasing,the application of private law rules of contract or property rights is uncertain,the participation of public law is tired and powerless,and other problems are obvious.Based on the consistency of agricultural land leasing and general leasing,the intrinsic motivation of the principle of autonomy,and the value and function elements of contract law,a number of deviations can be found between the demand for agricultural land leasing and the current direction of the legal system.The re-engineering of agricultural land transfer rules should follow the trend and take the Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas and the Land Administration Law as the carrier to improve and refine the rules of agricultural land leasing.The Law on Land Contract in Rural Areas should explicitly stipulate the core rule orientation of agricultural land leasing,and crystallize the connotation of the rights and meanings of the parties to agricultural land leasing contracts.In the Land Administration Law,the rule system of public power supervision for agricultural land leasing should be improved based on the balance of interests in leasing operations and public interest considerations,etc.This will ensure the orderly and effective implementation of agricultural land rights and promote the transfer of agricultural land to voluntary intensification,so as to realize the sustainable development of agriculture.

关 键 词：农地流转 农地租赁 法制向度 规则再造 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.32[政治法律—法学]