保息蕃育:出土文献所见秦汉生育保障初探  

A Preliminary Study of Fertility Benefits in the Qin and Han Dynasties Based on Unearthed Literature

作　　者：冯闻文 Feng Wenwen

机构地区：[1]江南大学江南文化研究院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第9期33-42,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“出土简牍与秦汉特殊社会福利研究”(22FZSB004)。

摘　　要：秦汉时期的生育保障覆盖从怀孕到生产再到抚育的不同阶段。出土文献中包含了关于秦汉时期生育保障的丰富史料。通过对相关史料的系统梳理可知,国家以法律手段对妊娠期的女性加以保护,给予刑具宽松、判决延期的区别对待。在婴儿出生后,政府则会要求在八月案户比民之际著录其户籍,为后续的福利发放提供依据。政府给予产子家庭一定时间的赋役免除,以保障亲职的履行。对于多子家庭,生育福利则会随着子女数量的增加而累进。The newly excavated documents contain rich historical materials about fertility benefits during the Qin and Han dynasties.Through systematic collation and analysis,it can be found that fertility benefits during the Qin and Han dynasties covered different stages from pregnancy to childbirth and nursing.When a woman was pregnant,the state protected her by legal means and treated her differently.After the birth of a child,the government would require his or her household registration to be conducted when the population was registered in the eighth month of the lunar year,which also provided a basis for welfare administration.The government would grant families with newborns a certain period of exemption from servitude to ensure the performance of parenthood.For families with many children,fertility benefits would accumulate as the number of children increased.

关 键 词：出土文献 生育福利 产妇福利 慈幼 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]