日本对1931年长江水灾的调查及中国官民态度  

Japanese Investigation of the Yangtze River Flood in 1931 and the Attitude of Chinese Officials and People

作　　者：石嘉[1] Shi Jia

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第9期85-101,共17页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“日本在长江中下游地区调查资料整理与研究(1895—1945)”(22&ZD237)。

摘　　要：1931年夏季,中国发生罕见的特大水灾,长江中下游地区灾情尤为严重,而湖北武汉更是此次大水灾之“中心地”。此次水灾引起日本各方高度“关注”,其不仅详细调查长江流域灾情,“关注”国民政府救灾措施及效果,而且通过民间团体“支援”中国灾民救灾。日本救援中国灾民的根本意图在于谋求缓和中国民众的排日情绪,迅速恢复中日通商、维护其在长江流域的商业利益,策应日军在中国东北的“军事行动”。日本一面打着“人道主义”“善邻交谊”的幌子救助中国灾民,一面趁中国爆发水灾国贫民弱之时发动九一八事变而强占中国东北,其最终目的不是“援华”,而是加紧“侵华”。日本此种极端矛盾又虚伪的“两面派”做法激起中国民众极大愤慨,纷纷发起大规模反日爱国运动,迫使国民政府拒绝其一切援助,以示坚决抵抗之决心。In the summer of 1931,a major flood broke out in the Yangtze River Basin.The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were particularly hard hit,and the area around Wuhan in Hubei province was the"center"of the flood.The flood attracted"a great deal of attention"in Japan.Japan not only conducted a detailed investigation of the disaster in the Yangtze River Basin and paid attention to the disaster relief measures and effects of the National Government,but also supported the disaster relief of Chinese victims through non-governmental organizations.The fundamental motive and intention of Japan's rescue of the Chinese victims was to alleviate the Chinese sentiment against Japan,to restore Sino-Japanese trade rapidly,to protect its commercial interests in the Yangtze River Basin,and to support Japanese military operations in Northeast China.Japan,on the one hand,actively assisted the Chinese victims under the guise of"humanitarianism"and"good neighborly friendship",and on the other hand,it plotted the Mukden Incident and forcibly occupied Northeast China.Therefore,its ultimate goal was not to assist China,but to intensify its invasion of China.This extremely contradictory and hypocritical double-faced practice caused great indignation among the Chinese people.They launched a large-scale anti-Japanese patriotic movement,forcing the National Government to refuse all assistances from Japan to show its resolute determination to resist.

关 键 词：国民政府 长江水灾 日本调查 九一八事变 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]