经说与现实之间:西魏官制的改革历程  

Between Classic Theory and Reality:The Reform Process of Bureaucracy in the Western Wei Dynasty

作　　者：赵帅淇 Zhao Shuaiqi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第10期5-20,共16页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：中国人民大学2024年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划。

摘　　要：尽管从民族政策、政局变动、北族传统等观察角度出发,都可以对西魏北周进行官制改革的原因有所发覆,但不可忽视的是,西魏末年成立的六官体制,处于一个长期制度调整的延长线上,这一过程有着阶段性的重心变化。出于裁撤冗官的目的,大统十二年的省并尚书省郎曹改革为西魏的制度调整打上了现实主义的烙印。两年后,由全面推崇周制引发的依《古文尚书·周官》进行的高层官制调整,开始将改革方向引向《周礼》,其理论色彩逐渐凸显。经过废帝三年成立的九命体系的酝酿和铺垫,依《周礼》设计而成的六官体制在恭帝三年问世,吸收了此前的改革成果,兼顾了职能归并的现实需要和恢复周制的托古追求。Although the reasons for the reform of bureaucracy in the Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties can be explored from the perspectives of ethnic policies,political changes,and the traditions of the Northern ethnic groups,it cannot be ignored that the Liu Guan system established at the end of Western Wei was on an extended line of long-term institutional adjustment.The focus of this process underwent phased changes.For the purpose of removing redundant officials,the reform on the merger of Shangshu Sheng's Lang Cao in the 12th year of Datong marked the institutional adjustment of Western Wei with a realistic imprint.Two years later,the high-level bureaucracy reform initiated by the comprehensive promotion of the Zhou system in accordance with Zhou Guan of Classic Shangshu began to lead the reform direction towards the Rites of Zhou,and its theoretical characteristic began to emerge.After the preparation of the Nine Level system established in the third year of Emperor Fei'reign,the Liu Guan system designed in accordance with the Rites of Zhou was formed in the third year of Emperor Gong's reign,absorbing the achievements of previous reforms and balancing the practical needs of merging government functions with the pursuit of restoring the Zhou system.

关 键 词：西魏北周 周礼 六官体制 大统十二部 古文尚书 

分 类 号：K239[历史地理—历史学]