南京国民政府的边疆危机与应对:以20世纪30年代内蒙自治运动为中心的探讨  

Frontier Crisis and the Nanjing Nationalist Government's Response: An Exploration Centered on the Autonomy Movement of Inner Mongolia in the 1930s

作　　者：罗敏 Luo Min

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期38-57,239,240,共22页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：南京国民政府在建设现代民族国家过程中,受当时国际环境与自身实力的限制,注重中心区域的政治统合,忽视国内边疆民族问题的解决。南京国民政府积极推进边疆与内地同质化发展,对蒙古王公等上层势力注重形式之联络与敷衍,实际上则严加防范,二者之间隔膜甚深。1933年内蒙自治运动爆发后,国民政府一改此前对内蒙政策之被动应付,在汪精卫主导下通过了在地方自治模式下改革内蒙地方行政系统方案。为了阻止日本利用溥仪“称帝”诱使德王主动归附,蒋介石一方面采取允许内蒙高度自治之放任政策,同意设立统一的蒙古地方自治政务委员会;另一方面派遣秘密特工人员向蒙政会内部渗透,并暗令晋绥地方当局运动所属乌、伊二盟脱离蒙政会。蒋的政治运作非但未能增进德王内向之心,加剧了晋绥地方当局对中央的不满与防备。德王公开投日后,国民政府对内蒙政策重回“同化政策”之旧轨。In the process of building a modern nation state, the Nanjing Nationalist government, constrained by the international environment and its own strength at that time, focused only on the political unity of the central region and neglected problems at the frontiers. After the outbreak of the Inner Mongolia Autonomy Movement in 1933, the nationalist government changed its previous passive response to the Inner Mongolia policy and adopted a program of reforming the local administrative system of Inner Mongolia under the leadership of Wang Jingwei. In order to prevent Japan from using Puyi's “claim to the throne” to lure the King De into submission, Chiang Kai-shek, on the one hand, adopted a policy of a high degree autonomy for Inner Mongolia and agreed to set up a unified Mongolian Local Autonomous Administrative Committee;on the other hand, he sent secret agents to infiltrate the internal affairs of the Mongolian Political Council and secretly ordered Shanxi-Suiyuan authorities to fulfill the separation of the Ulanqab and Ih Leagues from the Mongolian Political Council. However, Chiang Kai-shek's political maneuvering not only failed to enhance the King De inward-looking attitude, but also intensified the dissatisfaction of the Shanxi-Suiyuan authorities towards the central government. After King De's open defection, the Nationalist government's policy towards Inner Mongolia returned to the old track of “assimilation policy”.

关 键 词：南京国民政府 边疆危机 内蒙自治运动 “以政策羁縻边疆” 

分 类 号：D693[政治法律—政治学] K262.9[政治法律—中外政治制度]