成都市典型湿地公园全氟化合物的污染特征及风险评估  

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in the typical wetland of Chengdu City

作　　者：雷梦真 何锦秋 张洪利 刘伟[1] 方淑红[1] LEI Mengzhen;HE Jinqiu;ZHANG Hongli;LIU Wei;FANG Shuhong(College of Resources and Environment,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu,610225,China)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学资源环境学院,成都610225

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第9期3043-3053,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21607018);四川省科技计划项目(2021YJ0384);大学生创新创业训练项目(202210621065)资助.

摘　　要：全氟化合物(PFASs)因其潜在的危害性而引起社会的广泛关注,但国内鲜有关于湿地公园中PFASs的研究报道.本文以青龙湖湿地公园水体、沉积物和水生植物(芦苇、美人蕉和香蒲)为研究对象,设置18个采样点位,对12种典型PFASs的污染特征和潜在生态风险进行分析.结果表明,水样中全氟丁烷羧酸(perfluorobutanoic acid,PFBA)、全氟己烷羧酸(perfluorohexanoic acid,PFHxA)和全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)的检出率较高,分别为100%、100%和94.4%,其中PFOA含量最高(47.9 ng·L^(-1)),为青龙湖湿地水相中的主要PFASs.S4和S8点位PFASs浓度最高,分别为455 ng·L^(-1)和467 ng·L^(-1),且存在餐饮旅游设施和建筑施工,说明人类活动对青龙湖PFASs的分布起到重要影响.沉积物中PFASs长碳链物质检出率较高如全氟壬烷羧酸(perfluorononanoic acid,PFNA)为100%,PFOA为94.4%,全氟癸烷羧酸(perfluorodecanoic acid,PFDA)为83.3%,全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonic acid,PFOS)的总检出浓度最高,为19.5 ng·g^(-1),占∑12PFASs的26.9%.PFOA和PFBA是植物中主要PFASs,含量分别为58.7 ng·g^(-1)和15.5 ng·g^(-1).芦苇对PFASs吸收能力最强,PFASs总含量为45.7 ng·g^(-1),富集系数为3.13,可作为青龙湖湿地全氟化合物生态修复的备选植物.青龙湖水相中PFOA和PFOS的风险熵(RQ)均小于0.01,处于低风险状态,但沉积物中PFOS的RQ值最高达0.184,属于中等风险,需引起重视.Perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)have attracted extensive attention due to their potential toxicities.However,few studies on PFASs in wetland parks have been reported in China.In the present study,water samples,sediment and aquatic plant were collected from Qinglong Lake Wetland Park(18 sampling sites)to study the pollution characteristics and potential ecological risks of 12 typical PFASs.The results showed that perfluorononanoic acid(PFBA),perfluorohexanoic acid(PFHxA)and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)displayed high detection rates in the water samples,with the detection frequencies of 100%,100%and 94.4%,respectively.PFOA was the main PFAS in water samples,with the average concentration of 47.9 ng·L^(-1).S4(455 ng·L^(-1))and S8(467 ng·L^(-1))displayed the higher PFASs concentrationsdue to the exist of tourism facilities and building construction,suggesting that human’s activities play an important role on the distribution of PFASs in Qinglong lake.Long-chain PFASs were the main detected substances in the sediments of Qinglong lake,among which perfluorononanoic acid(PFNA)showed the highest detection rate(100%),followed by PFOA(94.4%)and perfluorodecanoic acid(PFDA)(83.8%),while perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)displayed the highest concentration level(19.5 ng·g^(-1)),accounting for 26.9%of∑12PFASs.PFBA and PFOA were the main PFASs in plant samples,with the mean concentrations of 58.7 ng·g^(-1) and 15.5 ng·g^(-1),respectively.Phragmites australis showed the better purification ability with the∑12PFASs concentration of 45.7 ng·g^(-1) and the highest enrichment factor of 3.13,which could be used as an alternative plant for the ecological restoration of PFASs in Qinglong Lake wetland.The RQ values of PFOA and PFOS in the water phase of Qinglong Lake were less than 0.01,indicating that they were at low risk.But the RQ values of PFOS in the sediment reached up to 0.184,which need to be continuously attentioned.

关 键 词：全氟化合物 湿地公园 污染特征 植物富集 风险评估 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]