大兴安岭西南山麓河流水体多环芳烃污染特征与风险评价  

Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in waters of typical rivers in the southwest foothills of the Great Khingan Mountains

作　　者：秦宇 龚雄虎 韦皓元 桂智凡 张路[2] 赵中华[2] QIN Yu;GONG Xionghu;WEI Haoyuan;GUI Zhifan;ZHANG Lu;ZHAO Zhonghua(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Hubei Normal University,Huangshi,435002,China;State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,210008,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北师范大学,城市与环境学院,黄石435002 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第9期3054-3069,共16页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42277404,41671477);中国科学院中-非联合研究中心重点部署项目(SAJC202106)资助.

摘　　要：选取我国寒温带大兴安岭西南山麓地区典型河流哈拉哈河和洮儿河中上游及其部分支流为研究区域,考察水体多环芳烃(PAHs)的空间分布规律、来源及风险,丰富我国北方高纬度地表水环境中PAHs污染基础数据库.结果表明,哈拉哈河水体中16种优先控制PAHs化合物总量浓度为16.91—201.14 ng·L^(-1)(平均值为91.32 ng·L^(-1)),洮儿河水体PAHs检出浓度为48.10—244.57 ng·L^(-1)(平均值为106.77 ng·L^(-1)).河流PAHs赋存水平与水体综合污染指数水质评价结果较为一致,即轻度污染状态的洮儿河水体PAHs赋存浓度略高于清洁状态的哈拉哈河.与国内不同温度带典型河流水体中PAHs赋存量相比,大兴安岭西南山麓地区河流水体PAHs污染程度整体处于较低水平,主要与区域人类活动强度较低有关.以不同环数计,哈拉哈河和洮儿河水体PAHs组成均以低分子量(2环和3环)化合物为主,分别占PAHs检出总量的91%和87%.PAHs单体化合物特征比值(Ant/(Ant+Phe)、Fla/(Fla+Pyr)、BaA/(BaA+Chr))溯源分析显示,哈拉哈河和洮儿河水体PAHs主要来自于石油源、煤炭和木材等生物质的燃烧.综合运用风险熵值法、致癌和非致癌风险评价模型评估哈拉哈河与洮儿河水体PAHs生态风险和人群暴露健康风险,显示Ant是主要的生态风险因子,其次为Flt、Pyr、BaA、Chr,其余单体化合物生态风险较低,河流水体PAHs赋存不存在健康风险.Two typical rivers-Halaha River and Taoer River distributed in the southwest foothills of the Great Khingan Mountains belong to the cool temperature zone,were selected to study on the spatial distribution,sources and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),enriching the basic information on organic micropollutants in natural waters especially for high latitude areas of China.The results showed that the total concentration of 16 priority controlled PAHs in Halaha River water was 16.91—201.14 ng·L^(-1)(91.32 ng·L^(-1))and for Taoer River water was 48.10—224.57 ng·L^(-1)(106.77 ng·L^(-1)),which was consistent with water quality assessment documented by the comprehensive pollution index,implying higher residues in Taoer River than Halaha River.Additionally,rather lower concentrations of PAHs in rivers of the Great Khingan Mountains than other temperate zones due to the lower human activity intensity.Component analysis of PAHs showed the low molecular weight congeners were predominant in both waters with 2-and 3-ringed one accounting for 91%and 87%,respectively.Diagnostic ratios of selected individual compounds such like Ant/(Ant+Phe),Fla/(Fla+Pyr),BaA/(BaA+Chr)were used for source apportionment of PAHs,showing that PAHs in Halaha and Taoer rivers were mainly derived from petroleum sources,coal and biomass combustion processes.The ecological risk and human health risk assessment were also performed to evaluate the pollution status of PAHs.The risk quotient(RQ)for Ant in both rivers was in the ranges of 1—10,while the RQ values for other congeners were less than 1.0,indicating the ecological risks induced by Ant in these two rivers should be monitored in the future.While no human health risks would occur by drinking water or skin exposure to PAH residues in Halaha River and Taoer River at present.

关 键 词：大兴安岭 温度带 哈拉哈河 洮儿河 多环芳烃(PAHs) 风险评价 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]